22 Biodiversity Exercises

1G6 togv , r xet c;;su:, N iie'i ,1no /f)/(:/J:-/\ '(' l ' BJODIV E HSl'J'Y ExERCIS b - Li 1 vi 1 (1 111 )l CJ I I l c;ocie 1y 01 ,, l T ec hl1l)loQY , '" ~-r "E Scwoic:c ~ I :_j II\ SI Sc1t:>11tli1r 111qt i NO S NcJtt im of Science --- -- -- Na11t I I ,\ I R I I I C I I D Ke): + = presen t - = abse nt - - I - ( 'hlorophyll + -- 1-- - ---- - + ------ T- . .__- + Fe atu res --· - - ------ --- - F low ers -- ~ -- - - -- - + - - - + - Seeds f- - + ' + - - h k feature for their classi fi cation. (a) Classi fy th es e four plants into two groups. State t e ey ( 3 marks ) (b) To which s ub-group do es B be long ? State a unique feature of this sub-group. (2 marks) (c) Base d on th e information provided in the table, deduce with reasons the most possible mode of nutrition adopt ed by C. ( 4 marks) --·-------- ---------------- -----

.. 1 • the ... uh ,!.! rniip t <i \\' lii cli 11 . :-, f,l l )l _ pL1111 , I· /} . • )( l \V JJ I 'I I' I ., ;( , c; t11n11- , )C , , .., , h r· l ,1t1 •· '° ;1),. , t rr ,, ' 1, I I' , ... ,, I' I I I n ' t I I ( ·I 11 I I'' fr 1r I I<., I {Ii/ fl/I ', I ·r / ( { ~ \\ - ;~ ~ \ ( Total: 12 mark s 1 The diagrams below show a variety of organisms: Must1room Hibiscus Maize Pine Spirogyra M os s 167

xe r1;;,e St1i n1g rro cannot g row at th e b ( () 01 1 ()111 o" , . I d l l'"- l'I \ . '1 111 W I, \' ' r 2 111 ork, J -- -------·------ - -- - -- ( d) Wh en constructing the key it · . . . is und es 1rab l the orgamsms . Why? c tn u se th e ab ility to prod , 1 . 1 u ce "-CC<, tf> c ,,tm~i11-.h (2 fii{l(t I 3. The ph ot o graph s below s ho w thr ee typ es of plant s : Plant A (M agnificat ion x3) ·- ~~ '1 ' f'., •. -,; ~ - ' ,a , Q~ "• I I •,~ . . ./ , - / .. ., / ' I ~ .1 /~ ~ "., {, 1 ',; ~ /1 Plant B (Magnification x1 /4) -- -- To tal: 11 marks Plant C (Magnification x1 / 4) ( a) Pl a nt s A a nd B belong to th e sa me major gro up w hil e pl ant C belon gs to :. mother group . (i) State one fe at ur e th at di s tin g ui sh es th ese tw o maj or pl a nt gro u ps . I I 111 ,u -k J (ii) Name th e sub-group lO w hi ch eac h of plan ts A ; 111<.I B bc lun gs. (2 morks) --------------· ---------------

(/ I It 1 , \l?P ,m ~dl .. md {/ i lt j, r,', !n,·11:d t•' d,1m11 ('l,1,. t. ,1• 11\ - --------- ----- (c ) The se three plants are Ye r~ s1mihu in 1he1r m ~'. 0.( '..:~ 0: ...:·.:<-~-:-<: ":::\-.' .. ~ ·• repr0ducti\·c s tru .: rurc- s ar c aJapr t' d 1:1."' j i sre rs: 1l Tomi: Q ~: .:r•.i 4. The photographs btl L rn sho\,. :1 , .. m er,· or aninuls : 6 E un

17 2 . .. 11 • l·l;1ssil'icd i11l o <>Ill' g rrn1p . Na n1 c !hi e., group ,1r I. (td .- \ll tile ;lll\)\'l' ;1 1111n ; il s l'~l'l'pl /\ l " 11 .l le · -li11,. I . l 1· I .. • ,1 "1 -- 11i o ni sbasl :t l. (2 n,r i !Il l' ka1ilr l' ()ll " ' lll ' 1 ! )I S l' ;\SS l, ' .l/r ·,1 (b) Th ou~ h bo1h E : md F ha ve si milar body shape a nd li ve in wa ler, Lh ey are c la c.,~if i cd in t<, l\ ;_ri ,. . s t t ·t · u1 • r~ l l· l1 '~c1 :e ·1·en ces be tw ee n E a nd F. (2 /) k diffrrent ~ub -ft'lrnps. tate wo s r ue c, 1 1or , 11 ( c) (i ) State the respiratory structure which is unique to C. ( l111or k1 (ii) 'C is not a true terrestrial animal because it cannot perpetuate without water.' Ex plain why it has to return to water for reproduction. (3 marks ) (d) ·which of the above animal(s) is/are born alive? What is the significance of this spec ial feature? (2 nwrks ) -- --- -------- -- ---- ----------------- - ---- rkS To tal: IO ma

Jhc dia ~2 ,·: 1111s hclow s h°' 1 . 6, \ (\\,()(),., , .· }..t1 111 s, 11 -.; I\ , . .I lle/ B. x --- ~ y I ' ;I 7/ ~ t I B A ( a) Which of the two organisms is av· . ? . u us. G1 ve a reason for your choic e. (] nwrh, (b) State the chemical composition of X and Y. (2 marks ) (i) X -------------------- -------- -- ( ii) y ----------------- - -- -------- -- (c) Both X and N serve a similar function. What is this function? ( J mark ) ( d) A can attack B and multiply inside it. In view of this, how will you describe the re l at ionshi p between A and B. ( I mark) 173

K 1n f! d () m H J< ,n:_:d, ,m ( f< J 11 .~d, ,rn f J 1' it1 :.! d,1111 L rhJ '/ he 1;,hl<: h<.;Jm\ <. Olll J; ,JrC\ thr ee . 1 • • • . or g <1nl \ lll \ . ( o mpl ctc the table hy 1.v ri tincr the corr c< t \H1rrl t ,r \\ < > r<l~ 1 n th e "J )ace\ J 1 c Jc) \V c ( 4,n (J r/< \J Kinp dom level of / or gc1 ni 1., :..it ion mocJ c (J f nutr iti on I ; ---~- - - -,-----~-- ---- /_ !,:. coli ___ !! _h_ iz_o_p_u_s_s_ JJP _· _----1, _ __ l_'h_ lo_,_ ·e_ll_a \'J3 P· ~-, I I r i; j I F un gi (ii) _ t ___ __ _ ____ ,j__ ______ ___ _ prokaryotic eukaryotic (iii) -- - --- -----+-- - - -- ----1 - --- - ------1 s:..iprophytic / paras iti c (i v) autotrophic Total: 9 mar ks t T he.: W hl c below li sts s ome of the popular classification systems that have been de v eloped in the p a..., I: I Sc ie nti.\ 't Linnaeus Chatton Copeland Whittaker Woese etal. Woese et al. - I Ye ar r~f J7J5 1937 1956 1969 1977 1990 _ 'lr opmwl I --· System 2 kingdoms 2 e mpir es 4 kingdoms 5 kingdoms 6 kingdoms 3 domains - - - - -- Eu bacteria Bacteria Prokaryota Prokaryota Prokaryota ( 110/ / reu!ed) Archaebacteria Archaca - ----- Protista Protista <;roup - Protista Funo-i Funui C, 0 Vcg ctahi I i:1 [~ u k:1 r yoi-.1 -------- -•· E uk arya Pl.inUic Plantae Plantae --- ----- - . ---·- A 11i111 a li a Anima li a Animalia Animalia · -.

176 Jr t~n : 1 v 1- ' Nvl : 0 5 ;_ ind C>'u1crW:i I 11 ,· •, t1l' l' ' '', 1, ~d f,~ , C'lv - r1 t, ,r, rn 'J - .. (a) S tat e two nw_ jor di ff cn· 11 c c'i IK'l \VCC 'II I i L: t v..r) i· n1p 1 r L ,·, !.lr .. ·------ --- - --· -- - ( b) In Wh it ta ker 's 5- kingdom sy ~t cm . fungi arc separated from Kingdom Pla nlat ar,c .... 11L\ \ . 1--. i ngd o m. G ive two rea so ns to support thi s classi fi c at i CJn . 2 Ii r. (c) The classification system of organisms keeps changing over time. Give two re as ons for : hi s. Total: 6 mark s tNOS l