Epigenetics and Its Role in Inheritance.edited.edited

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Biology

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Nov 24, 2024

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1 Epigenetics and Its Role in Inheritance Students Name Institutional Affiliation Course Name and Number Instructor Date
2 Epigenetics and Its Role in Inheritance Questions 1. How does DNA control the inheritance of characteristics, and what role do complementary base pairing and the structure of the double helix play in this process? 2. How do mutations in a single gene lead to disorders, and how is this related to the broader understanding of medical genetics? 3. What is the genetic basis of Down syndrome, precisely the concept of Trisomy 21? Answer to Question 1: How does DNA control the inheritance of characteristics, and what role do complementary base pairing and the structure of the double helix play in this process? DNA's complex structure and the exact process of complementary base pairing regulate how traits are inherited. According to the Khan Academy video, the double helix structure of DNA comprises two strands that spiral around one another. The stable framework of this structure is primarily made up of molecules of sugar and phosphate. Each strand contains genetic information encoded in a specific nucleotide base sequence. Adenine (A) and thymine (T) pair complementarily by hydrogen bonding, whereas cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G). Each strand is a template for producing a new strand when the molecule unwinds during DNA replication. This complementary base pairing is essential. During cell division, base pairing precision guarantees the faithful transfer of genetic information to daughter cells. Moreover, the regulation of traits is closely linked to the idea of gene expression. Specific DNA sequences called genes act as instructions for the creation of proteins. The regulation of gene expression determines which genes are active or inactive in a particular cell at any given
3 time (Laurini et al., 2020). This regulation is critical to the development and survival of an organism and is essential for inheriting certain features. The double helix structure of DNA and its exact complementary base pairing ensures that genetic information, which controls trait inheritance, is transmitted correctly. The control of gene expression adds additional complexity, affecting how features appear in an organism.
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4 References Laurini, E., Marson, D., Fermeglia, A., Aulic, S., Fermeglia, M., & Pricl, S. (2020). Role of Rad51 and DNA repair in cancer: A molecular perspective. Pharmacology & therapeutics , 208 , 107492.

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