The case study in cancer

CASE STUDY Cancer-killing bacteria   Ralph, a 57-year-old man, was diagnosed with colon cancer.His oncologist discussed the use of radiation andchemotherapy as treatments, both of which can causedebilitating side effects. Ralph decided to explore other optionsand went to a cancer clinic. He learned that researchers in asynthetic biology program were testing the use of geneticallymodified bacterial cells designed to selectively invade specifictumors and kill cancer cells, with no effects on normal cells.Ralph decided to participate and was informed that he wouldbe part of a phase III trial, comparing the effects of the modifiedbacterial cell treatment against conventional chemotherapy.However, as part of the trial, he would be randomly assigned toreceive one or the other treatment. He was disappointed to learnthis, because he assumed that he would receive the bacterialtherapy.Question: Informed consent is legally and ethically required beforesomeone participates in a clinical trial.…

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2. Bill, 85 years old dx with terminal cancer wants to live but is worried about the quality of his life. His options are 1. Chemotherapy will extend his life for 2-3 years ($100,000/year). 2. New cancer Rx will extend his life for 5 years ($400,000/year)  3. He would sell everything but would only have enough money for 1 year of the new drug Chemo which would cost $300,000 for 3 years while New RX will cost $2 million. Which option should he choose and why?

Question 1. Describe and explain the epidemiological evidence supporting the view that cancer develops through a multi-step process involving increasingly severe stages.. Question 2. Describe and explain the genetic evidence supporting the view that cancer develops through a multi-step process involving increasingly severe stages.

Retinoblastoma: The Hits Just Keep Coming 1.a There are three broad categories of cancer-related genes: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair/stability genes. Distinguish between these three groups, then indicate which you think RB1 belongs to. b. In 1971, Alfred Knudson noticed that children like Kay, who have retinoblastoma in both eyes (bilateral), presented at earlier ages than those who had unilateral disease. To explain these different disease kinetics, he proposed the “two-hit hypothesis.” What does this hypothesis propose? c. Consider Dr. Whitt’s comments about the relationship between the wild-type and mutant RB1 alleles and what you now know about Knudson’s two-hit hypothesis. Do these ideas seem to confirm or contradict your earlier prediction (based on the pedigree) about whether the mutant RB1 allele is dominant or recessive to the wild-type allele? Explain. d. Do you think that Kay (and Julie) will be more likely to develop other cancers later in life?

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Please answer the following queations about cancer 1. Correct mechanism in cancer disease 2. Faulty mechanism in cancer disease 3. Graphic of pathway in cancer disease. 4. Describe a "real life" example of how cancer disease has affected someone (try to find an axample of famous person or anyone).

Discuss why cancer treatment may involve a combinationof chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery.

D Question 18 Your patient's biopsy report indicates they have "cancer in situ". This means: Abnormal cells are present, they have not invaded local cells O Cells are normal, they will become cancer cells in the near future Abnormal cells are present, they have invaded a small number of local cells Cells are normal, they will not become cancer cells unless stimulated « Previous

Hi, can you please elaborate about tumor suppressor protein and oncovirus cell cycle.

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ries Rating on Question 29 When compared to adult cancers, cancers of childhood are more likely to be: O carcinomas O arise from carcinogenic assaults O arise in a shorter window of time O Two of the above All of the above

The growth fraction of the cancer types A 8, C, and D are 23%, 45%, 56%, and 78%, respectively. Which type of cancer is more suceptible to the chemotherapy?

Why are histopathologists interested in the percentage of mitotic cells in a tissue biopsy?  1.High rates of cell division (i.e. a high mitotic index) are characteristic of tumours 2.Low rates of cell division (i.e. a low mitotic index) are indicative of tumours 3.Mature differentiated cells continue to go through the cell cycle 4.They are interested in looking for misshapen cells.

Please do the following on the topic of Cancer: -Identify type of pathway of your choosing(Neural vs Hormonal) -Create a Diagram of affected pathway with and without disruptor -Describe Symptoms -Describe Current treatments or ability to bring pathway back to homeostasis -Note other details you found of interest connected to topic -Please Cite your sources

just True or False 1- All cancer starts the same way are lose their normal ability to life.2- From example of hyperplasia is hyperplasia of uterine muscle during pregnancy .3-All cells of body have an inbuilt mechanism to deal with changes in environment are reversible and irreversible cell injury. 4- Cell injury results when cells are stressed so severely that they are no longer able to adapt or when cells are exposed to inherently damaging agents. Injury may progress through a reversible stage and culminate in reversible injury .

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1.) Download an article related to on how Cancer Develops, how cancer affects cell cycle. 2.) Discuss your article and provide references. (not more than 250 words) 3.)Discuss your views on how to prevent cancer. (not more than 250 words)

TRUE OR FALSE 1. Atrophy is better observed or identified in a macroscopic examination of a tissue, organ or any part of the body   2. Metaplasia is the cellular adaptation most associated with cancer.

Name the cancer causing agents.

Describe the progression of cancer from an early benign lesion to a genetically heterogeneous malignant tumour and how this knowledge is used to design current and future antineoplastic treatments    pleaswe can you write it in a detailed essay structure as i am trying to understand the topic in extensive detil and essays help me seperate different sections of the topic