operon questions

Cell and Molecular Biology Subject: 1. Explain how the actions of the lac operon are different from the trp operon.   2. Why is it important for a multicellular organism to be able to turn on only some of its genes in any particular tissue or cell type?

Please answer item number 8 and 9.

Answer as Directed. Below is the model of a lac operon. lac I lac Z с promoter operator lac Y lac A DNA +1 1. What are structural genes? Are the lac structural genes transcribed in the absence of lactose? 2. What is the role of the promoter and operator sites in the operon? 3. Is the repressor protein bound to the operator site in the absence of lactose? In its absence? 4. Under what nutritional circumstances (high or low glucose) is CAP bound to cAMP? 5. In the absence of lactose and the presence of glucose in the bacterial growth media, what proteins are bound to the lac control region? Is the operon being transcribed then? 6. In the presence of lactose and the presence of glucose in the bacterial growth media, what proteins are bound to the lac regulatory region? Is the operon being transcribed then? 7. In the presence of lactose and the absence of glucose in the bacterial growth media, what proteins are bound to the lac control region? 8. Why is it adaptive for a bacterium to not…

Answer item number 10.

Answer as Directed. Below is the model of a lac operon. lac I lac Z с promoter operator +1 lac Y lac A DNA 1. In the absence of lactose and the presence of glucose in the bacterial growth media, what proteins are bound to the lac control region? Is the operon being transcribed then? 2. In the presence of lactose and the presence of glucose in the bacterial growth media, what proteins are bound to the lac regulatory region? Is the operon being transcribed then? 3. In the presence of lactose and the absence of glucose in the bacterial growth media, what proteins are bound to the lac control region? 4. Why is it adaptive for a bacterium to not express the genes that encode for that lactose utilization proteins when lactose is not available or when glucose is present? 5. Why is it adaptive for the structural genes for using lactose to be under the control of a single promoter, i.e., synthesize a polycistronic message rather than three monocistronic message?

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Read aloud V Draw Highlight 2. You are studying the regulation of the lactose operon in Escherichia coli, by measuring expression of the lacZ gene (i.e production of beta-galactosidase). (a) You identify several loss-of-function mutations in which lacZ is never expressed, in the presence and absence of glucose and lactose. What components of the lac operon could be mutated to produce this phenotype? List all possibilities. (b) You identify another loss-of-function mutation with the following expression pattern: Media + glucose - lactose + glucose +lactose - glucose - lactose - glucose + lactose lacZ expression Low Low High High What components of the lac operon could be mutated to produce this phenotype? List all possibilities.

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P₁0 ORF1 t₁ ORF2 ORF3 t₂ The diagram above illustrates an operon that is regulated by the RepR protein. O A small molecule, X, is needed to enable RepR to bind to the operator (O). When X is absent, which of the following statements is most accurate? O RNA polymerase binding to the P₁ promoter is unblocked Equal amounts of ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3 are made Expression of ORF2 and ORF3 is prevented by the terminator t₁ O Expression of ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3 is de- repressed

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Matching type Choices are in the picture   11. regulating elements in the operon 12. ribosome propels to the next bases 13. dozen of initiation factors involving methionly tRNA 14. eRF recognizes UGA 15. TATA box in the promoter region

Describe the regulation of the lac operon when lactose is present and glucose is absent

Explain how the Lac operon functions when there are low glucose levels and high lactose levels.  Be sure to address the regulatory and structural gene region of the operon and how each of the following function: CAP, cAMP, RNA polymerase and the repressor protein.

I. Answer the following: 1. What are the main elements of the lac operon and their functions? 2. Distinguish among inducible, repressible, and constitutive gene operons.

40-How can understanding the gene expression pattern in a cancer cell tell you something about that specific form of cancer? 1-In E. coli, the trp operon is on by default, while the lac operon is off. Why do you think that this is the case?

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Answer the following questions based on the lac Operon metabolic pathway.   The lac Operon regulates the metabolism of what molecule?     Is this metabolic pathway is catabolic or anabolic?     How many genes are regulated by lac Operon?     What binds to the operator when lactose levels are low?     What happens when lactose levels are high?

answer these true or false questions

Discuss about the positive and negative regulators of the lac operon.

Part A If E. coll bacteria are placed in an environment that contains both glucose and lactose, the regulation of the lac operon will allow which nutrient to be processed first? ONether will be processed in this environment O Both will be processed at the same time. Glucose O Not enough is known about the regulation of the lac operon to know which nutrient will be processed first Lactose Submit Request Answer

12a. In what condition is the LacZ gene transcribed? ANSWER (in one sentence) 12b. Fill in the following table about the Lac operon (LacZ gene) Environmental Condition + Glucose and + Lactose Glucose and + Lactose - Glucose and - Lactose + Glucose and - Lactose Q 2 Body" W #3 E D Which proteins bind to the LacZ promoter? ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER $ 4 A R F B % 5 I T MacBook Pro A U 6 G Y & 7 H Is LacZ transcribed? (Yes or No) ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER |||| U 8 K

1c  In context with transcription of prokaryotic genes briefly describe the effect the lac repressor protein has on transcription of the lac operon when it is bound to its binding site and the lac operon promoter, and how it accomplishes the effect.

Indicate whether each of the following statements about the lac operon are true or false: Bacteria with a lac phenotype are unable to use lactose because of some defect in expressing the genes A constitutive Lac+ phenotype could mean either that the production of repressor is defective or that the operator sequence is defective The lacl gene is next to, but is not part of, the lac 1. TRUE operon 2. FALSE Bacteria with a lac* phenotype cannot grow on media containing lactose as the only sugar The structural genes of the lac operon are each transcribed as a separate MRNA Expression of the Lac Repressor from the lacl promoter is regulated by lactose

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Please answer item number 5, 6 , and 7 in the image provided.