MEDS1001.W1.student (2004)

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The University of Sydney *

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1001

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Jun 2, 2024

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WORKSHOP 1: INTRODUCTION Background Welcome to your first Human Biology workshop! These workshops are designed to support your learning of some key concepts from the lectures. This will involve interactive scenarios, revision questions, critical thinking problems and collaborative exercises. The content you will cover in these workshops will reinforce your understanding of the lectures. Each student will attend one 2 h workshop each fortnight where you will be working collaboratively in small groups. We hope to provide you with a friendly atmosphere where you can get to know others in the group, as well as the staff, whose job it is to help you develop suitable strategies for learning. The staff in the workshops are there to facilitate your learning, but do not replace your lecturers. As such, these workshops will be largely autonomous and collaborative within your groups rather than a lecture-style format. Your interactions with staff will be maximized if you prepare effectively for each class by revising the relevant lectures beforehand. Please note that not all the lecture content within a module can be covered in each 2 h workshop. All material in lectures is assessable in the final exam. If you have questions about lecture content outside of the activities in the workshops, you should direct these to the lecturer via Ed discussions. Learning Objectives After you have completed this workshop, you should be able to: ● Describe the following: o Basic orientation terminology o The layers of organisational scale o Dynamic nature of systems operating together. Human Biology Semester 1, 20241

Topic 1: Anatomical Terminology Anatomical terminology is of paramount importance in medicine, especially in surgery, where precision can be a matter of life and death. The significance of accurate anatomical language is underscored by the alarming rates of surgical errors performed on the wrong site, with incidences estimated to range from 9 to 450 per million procedures (Gloystein et al, 2020). This potentially translates to between 700 and 34,000 wrong site surgeries per year based upon annual rates of surgical procedures in the United States. These errors often stem from miscommunications or misunderstandings related to anatomical terminology. In the high-stakes environment of the operating room, a misinterpretation of terms can lead to dire consequences, with potential outcomes ranging from minor complications to life-threatening situations. Surgeons must, therefore, adhere rigorously to standardized and universally understood anatomical language to mitigate the risk of such errors and ensure patient safety. The integration of precise anatomical terminology is a fundamental aspect of minimizing the incidence of surgical errors. Reference Gloystein DM, Heiges BA, Schwartz DG, DeVine JG, Spratt D.. Innovative technology system to prevent wrong site surgery and capture near misses: a multi-center review of 487 cases. Front Surg. 2020;7:563337. Human Biology Semester 1, 20242

1. The image below represents the standard anatomical position for the human body. Annotate the diagrams with the anatomical terms of location. This might include the following: ● Superior ● Inferior ● Anterior ● Posterior ● Medial ● Lateral ● Proximal ● Distal ● Dorsal ● Ventral Human Biology Semester 1, 20243

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2. Not all images you find online for the standard anatomical position is accurate. Describe the standard anatomical position for the human body and explain the error in the image below. Human Biology Semester 1, 20244 Toes should ne pointing down and thumbs outwards

3. The image below illustrates the anatomical planes for the human body. Annotate the diagram with the anatomical terms of the planes of section – coronal, transverse, sagittal. 4. Identify the following planes of section ① to ③ for the images below. Human Biology Semester 1, 20245

5. Use anatomical terms to describe the relative positions of each pair of human structures. (a ) Knee vs Hip (b ) Wrist vs Hand (c ) Mouth vs Nose (d ) Ears vs Nose (e ) Thumb vs Middle Finger (f) Sternum vs Heart (g ) Palm vs Knuckles Human Biology Semester 1, 20246 a) Knee is distal to the hip. Hip is proximal to the knee. b) Wrist is proximal to the hand. Hand is distal to the wrist. c) Mouth is inferior to the nose. Nose is superior to the mouth. d) Ears is lateral to the nose. Nose is medial to the ears. e) Thumbs is lateral to the middle finger. Middle finger is medial to the thumb. f) Sternum is anterior to the heart. Heart is posterior to the sternum. g) Palm is anterior/ventral to the knuckles. Knuckles are posterior/dorsal to the palm. h)

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COLLABORATIVE TASK 6. Construct a diagram that illustrates the contribution of one organ system to the human body and its interaction with at least 4 other organ systems. You might like to research any one of the following: ● Cardiovascular system ● Respiratory system ● Urinary system ● Nervous system ● Digestive system ● Musculoskeletal system ● Reproductive system ● Endocrine system Below is an example of such a diagram for the Integumentary system (i.e. the skin). Human Biology Semester 1, 20247

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