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COURSE CODE: AMH 2020 – American history
PID: 6336170
Date: November 26, 2023
Word count:
Week 3: Primary Source A. “Speech delivered in Madison Square, New York,
Decoration Day”: 613
Week 7: Primary Source A. “Emma Goldman on Patriotism”: 556
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Week 3: Primary Source A. Chief Joseph, surrender speech, as recorded by Lieutenant Wood, Twenty-first Infantry, acting aide-de-camp and acting adjutant-general to General Oliver O. Howard, in 1877.
This surrender speech was given in 1877 during the Nez Perce War, by Chief Joseph, a leader of the Nez Perce tribe. The U.S. government's attempt to force the Nez Perce people to move to a reservation gave rise to the conflict. The deep anguish and desperation that Chief Joseph's people went through when they had to deal with loss, dislocation, and the elements is reflected in his speech. The Nez Perce people resisted being forced onto a reservation by the US government, which resulted in several conflicts. The tragic Nez Perce War of 1877 highlights the
complicated interactions between Native American tribes and the US government during this time, as well as the effects of westward migration on indigenous peoples. During their capitulation, Nez Perce leader Chief Joseph gave this speech.
The fact that notable Nez Perce leaders like “Looking Glass” and “Too-hul-hul-sote" are mentioned as being deceased demonstrates the impact the conflict had taken on their ranks. The speech's reference to "young men" probably refers to the younger generation assuming leadership roles following the deaths of their elders. The horrific account of the terrible circumstances like children without blankets, children freezing, and people going missing in the hills, highlights the enormous human cost of the fighting. Chief Joseph's request for more time to
look for his children and his admission that some of them might still be alive give his remarks a poignant and intimate quality.
The last line, "From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever," sums up Chief Joseph's choice to give up and put an end to the rebellion. It is a strong and moving declaration of surrender that captures the weariness and sadness of a people who bravely
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defended their homeland and way of life but were ultimately up against insurmountable odds. Chief Joseph's speech serves to declare the Nez Perce people's surrender following a bloody and protracted war. Chief Joseph, a well-known Nez Perce leader, and Lieutenant Wood, who recorded the speech, are the key players in this story. Another passage "From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever" is a particularly memorable and impactful statement. It captures Chief Joseph's choice to give up and surrender, signifying a significant turning point in Native American history in their fight against forced relocation. The passage offers a glimpse into the intense grief and suffering that the Nez Perce people went through during the fighting. The terrible effects of war on Chief Joseph's tribe are evident in his words: the community faces extreme hardships, young people suffer greatly, and leaders are lost.
Given that Chief Joseph most likely spoke in the Nez Perce language and that this is an English translation of his speech, the text that has been provided is most likely a transcription or translation. The speech's language, which captures both Chief Joseph's emotional state and the terrible circumstances his people are in, is moving. The historical background of westward migration and its effects on indigenous peoples are the more general concerns. Like many other wars of a similar nature, the Nez Perce War emphasizes the tragic displacement of Native American communities and the clash of cultures. Regarding the story's veracity, it is based on historical documents and probably accurately captures Chief Joseph's feelings at the time. But historical narratives are always open to interpretation, and there might be opposing viewpoints. Chief Joseph, the main character, did not get his wishes fulfilled. Even after his stirring speech of
surrender, the Nez Perce people were still forcibly relocated. The passage makes sense in the larger context of Native American tribes' historical mistreatment and forced relocation during the
19th-century westward migration.
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Bibliography
Joseph, Chief “surrender speech, as recorded by Lieutenant Wood, Twenty-first Infantry, acting aide-de-camp and acting adjutant-general to General Oliver O. Howard.” In the Course Reader.
1877.
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Week 7: Primary Source A. Emma Goldman on Patriotism (July 9, 1917)
The text that is provided is a snippet of a speech that anarchist Emma Goldman made on July 9, 1917, during her trial for allegedly plotting to break the Selective Service Act. The United
States has a law called the Selective Service Act that sets up the process for conscripting people into the armed forces. Throughout American history, the act has been passed at several points, but most prominently during times of war or national emergency when there is a greater need for
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military personnel than there are volunteers. Emma Goldman was a political activist who was well-known for her extreme opinions on a wide range of social and political issues. The speech's objective is to present Emma Goldman's view of patriotism, especially in light of her World War I trial, and she is the primary character.
The following phrase that Goldman used: "loves America with open eyes" is unique in that it highlights a kind of patriotism that is both nuanced and critical. Furthermore, Goldman's perspective is given more depth by the metaphor that compares the relationship to a man loving a
woman while being aware of her flaws. In this passage, she presents a nuanced and critical love for America while challenging the dominant understanding of patriotism. She criticizes uncritical
and blind loyalty to the nation, claiming that genuine patriotism entails an objective assessment of both America's social failings and its positive aspects. To make her point, Goldman employs the metaphor of a man's love for a woman. She argues that she and others who hold similar beliefs love America but are unable to ignore its shortcomings, much like a person who loves someone despite their flaws. The phrase "loves America with open eyes" captures her view of a patriotic attitude that includes an awareness of the country's flaws. In addition, Goldman highlights that their disapproval and criticism are motivated by a desire to confront and correct the social injustices carried out in the name of patriotism rather than from a lack of love for America. Her reasoning goes so far as to suggest that the current conflict is not really one for democracy, casting doubt on the declared goals and emphasizing the necessity of securing democracy in America before advancing it internationally. This passage is a part of a larger historical context in which there were legal repercussions for dissent and opposition to World War I. Goldman’s speech helps to comprehend the various viewpoints on patriotism during a pivotal time in American history and illustrates the conflict that exists between national security
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and civil liberties in times of war. She was a divisive figure in her day because of her vocal support of anarchism and anti-war beliefs.
Given the time period, Goldman contests the notion that the conflict in question, possibly World War I, is a struggle for democracy. She contends that safety for America should come first in order to genuinely make democracy safe for the rest of the world. This statement implies a lack of faith in the war's stated objectives and a preference for resolving domestic problems before imposing values on the world arena. Overall, Goldman's position is consistent with the idea of loving a country with "open eyes," as it embodies a kind of patriotism that involves both love and a readiness to point out and confront its shortcomings.
Bibliography
Goldman, Emma “on Patriotism.”
In the Course Reader.
1917.