Julia Ogunti HISORY 105 WEEK 2 (Fertile Crescent )
docx
keyboard_arrow_up
School
Mount Wachusett Community College *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
101
Subject
Arts Humanities
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
2
Uploaded by CommodoreLobster2004
Name _______Julia Ogunti___________________________________
Date
______09/18/2022__________
Sumerians, Babylonians / Chapter 2 pp. 39-56
Between 5000 bce and 3200 bce
1.
According to the myth described on page 39, how did the first writing system on earth –
cuneiform – get started?
It stated that in the first writing system on earth, cuneiform, the writer used a reed to press
wedge-shaped marks on the moist clay tablet.
Cuneiform is the dominant writing system of
ancient Southwest Asia, which uses a combination of wedge-shaped symbols for words and
syllables.
2.
Define “city-state”. – A form of political organization that incorporates a single city with its
surrounding countryside and villages.
3.
Why does southern Mesopotamia seem like an unlikely region to develop the first urban
cultures? Because in the South Mesopotamia region rain alone is insufficient for growing crops.
It is said to be extremely hot (regularly more than 120 degrees Fahrenheit) and lacks basic
natural resources, which include trees, metal, and hard stone for building.
4.
How did early Mesopotamian peoples maintain a close relationship with their deceased
ancestors?
To maintain a close relationship with their deceased ancestors they buried their
dead beneath their house floors and even give them food and drinks as offerings.
Between 3200 bce and 1600 bce
5.
When, and where, did the first central places (cities) develop in Mesopotamia?
Around 3200 B.C.E. at Uruk – in the home of Enmerkar in Sumerian.
6.
What is polytheism? What role did important deities play in the individual cities?
Polytheism is a religious system that accepts the existence of many gods.
There were gods of the sky, An; of the moon, Nanna; of grain, Ashman; and many more.
The important deity was the patron of a specific city, which was the god or goddess’s residence
on earth. The Mesopotamians believed that the gods controlled every aspect of their lives and
were responsible for the source of all good and bad fortune.
7.
Leadership in Mesopotamian cities moved from the temple priests to military leaders by
3000bce. How did these new leaders pass on their leadership roles? After 3000 B.C.E military
leaders, whom we call kings replaced priests as city leaders. Palace households, including
military commanders and administration and supported the kings.
8.
In what way was Hammurabi’s Code more complex than just “an eye for an eye”?
However, Hammurabi’s code was more complex than this, and penalties were related to the
social structure. Only when a victim and transgressor were of the same social level was the punishment
equal. When the victim was of a lower class, a monetary fine was imposed.
Describe “cuneiform.” (4 specifics) Cuneiform is the dominant writing system of ancient
Southwest Asia, which uses a combination of wedge-shaped symbols for words and syllables.
Cuneiform is one of the oldest forms of writing known. Cuneiform first appeared even early than
Egyptian hieroglyphics. Cuneiform is an ancient writing system that was first used in around
3400BC.
9.
Briefly summarize
The Epic of Gilgamesh.
The Epic of Gilgamesh is a tale of the king of the city of Uruk, in search of immortality. King
Gilgamesh and his friend Enkidu were cruel and greedy to the people they might lead with
wisdom and peace but instead king Gilgamesh was cruel to his subject, by forcing himself on the
women that struck his fancy and forcing his subjects to work in order to complete his projects.
The people of Uruk cried and the gods answered them by sending Enkidu. Which was a mistake
because Gilgamesh was able to turn Enkidu against the gods. Gilgamesh and Enkidu’s mischief
sadly angered the gods and they inflicted Enkidu with an illness that led to his death. Devastated
by the tragic loss of his friend; Gilgamesh set out on a journey to find a man named Utnapishtim,
who is the gods had given immortality. The journey to attain was an epic failure but one thing he
learned was that “physical immorality cannot be attained. But eternal fame is possible. If one
deed is recorded, they will be remembered forever.” Even though; he failed to attain physical
immortality, he still lives on, which his writing assured.
Chapter 4 pp. 117-134
Between 900 bce and 500 bce
1.
When did the Assyrians start their 250 years of dominance in Southwest Asia? What was the
extent of their empire? Took over Mesopotamia, Levant, and Egypt.
In 860 B.C.E., Assyria began a series of wars that led to 250 years of dominance in Southwest
Asia, in which they defeated all their rivals. Their control reached from western Iran to the
Mediterranean Sea and from central Anatolia (modern Turkey) to Egypt.
2.
List 4 specifics of the Assyrian empire’s militarism: Battering ram, battle tower, catapult
3.
What was the capital of the Assyrian empire?
Nineveh
4.
What tribe succeeded the Assyrians? Who was their most famous ruler?
The Babylonia and Medes conquered the Assyrians after living under their rule for about a
century.
Tiglath-Pileser lll was most famous Assyrian ruler.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help