Developing Conclusions from Observation_paper_2023

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DEVELOPING CONCLUSIONS 1 Developing Conclusions from Observation Elliott J. Clemente Helms School of Government, Liberty University CJUS750 Author Note Elliott J. Clemente I have no known conflict of interest to disclose. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Elliott J. Clemente. Email: ejclemente@liberty.edu

DEVELOPING CONCLUSIONS 2 Abstract The conclusion of a research study serves as the culmination of the research. It is where the author wraps up his ideas and provides the reader with the final thought—a clear, concise, and understandable summary of the article's primary focus. The conclusion allows the author to show the magnitude of their work and any achievements in the discipline they may have reached. The writer can link all their findings, providing a guide for the readers to follow, compiling the most significant aspects of the study like a yellow brick once aligned forms an image of a yellow brick road steering the audience through the various stages of the study. Each brick links the data to the following data point, culminating in reaching the author's desired and relevant goal(s). The conclusion should leave the readers with a memorable ending that provides all the answers to the questions presented at the beginning of the research project. Keywords : Aligned, conclusion, concise, study, summary

DEVELOPING CONCLUSIONS 3 Developing a Conclusion The primary goal of any academic exercise is to provide information to the target audience as much as possible. The fundamental goal of any reporting is to provide an engaging explanation and precise illumination. The audience must see the consequences of the research journey (O'Leary, 2015). The author should use exciting words and phrases to keep the reader and the audience interested in the study. Researchers often use dry field jargon if the research project targets the audience. However, if the author hopes to communicate their knowledge outside their sphere of influence to include those outside their discipline, more interesting language may be required. Conclusion space allows synthesized information often presented in a manner that summarizes the article's primary focus. Many in academia assert that each literature section should flow seamlessly from the abstract to the conclusion. Questions were brought forth at the beginning of the research and answered at the end. Each stage of the project is titled, giving the reader an understanding of their views throughout the study. In essence, the conclusion unites all the aspects of the document narrated. Observation Data Collection For this article, the author will conclude a prior observational narrative. The unstructured group observation allows the researcher to observe and record data without the predetermined criteria (O'Leary, 2004). To view the group and collect qualitative data collection. This method often records several individuals' activities or a single individual's activity (Mulder et al., 1985). The observational approach allows for minimal disruption from the researcher. The observer researcher is a non-participant who becomes an integral part of the surroundings. Observers are physically present but attempt to be unobtrusive. Non-participant observations occur over a fixed

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DEVELOPING CONCLUSIONS 4 amount of time and are often associated with a structured format (O'Leary, 2004). The observation should include what they see, smell, feel, and taste in a total sensory immersion. O'Leary indicates that the anonymity of the observer allows the researcher to document all of the observations and, later, review their information for any patterns that may become apparent. The researcher can search for any data relevant to the research and adjust his findings, allowing for refocusing their efforts on areas judged as most significant. The observational approach allows the researchers to capture various information, such as verbal and non-verbal communication, actions, and environmental factors (Barrett & Twycross, 2018). For researchers, conducting observation in an undisturbed or pristine state is the goal. This ecosystem allows the author to view the participants as they behave naturally. It provides a personal picture of what happens in a particular setting. Methodologically, the act of being observed may change the behavior of the participants (Hawthorne effect), impacting the value of findings (Barrett & Twycross, 2018). Observation is a challenging and costly endeavor financially and for the researchers. Undertaking in-depth observation forms, such as traditional ethnography, is often time-consuming and costly (Morgan et al., 2017). In the time and space provided for observation, the dynamic and complex nature of human interactions provides a complete picture of how the surrounding environment influences human behavior. Traditionally, the dinner table and the act of having a meal was where families gathered and communicated information. Dinner table conversations have occurred in culturally conditioned social activities deeply embedded in historical, cultural, and political traditions. Like other well-defined sociocultural activities, a host often controls dinner table conversations. (Brumark, 2003). On November 24, 2023, the writer observed the various social interactions among the

DEVELOPING CONCLUSIONS 5 restaurant customers—the observation aimed to collect data on group interaction in an austere environment. The author observed four different subjects of the restaurant's dining customers during the data collection. The first observation conducted was of a Euro-American family of five. Two adults, both in their 40s-50s, and three children of various ages, with the oldest child appearing to be about 17 and the two about 15 and 12 years old. The older male sat at the top of the table while the older female sat to his left. The youngest child sat on the left of the older female while the other two sat across the table for the older female and right of the older male. The oldest child intently reviewed the menu, while the older female assisted the youngest child in selecting the menu. Dinners create culturally different discoursal environments for children to listen to adults talk and engage in collaborative and individual topic initiation and storytelling (Blum-Kulka, 1994). The second observation was an African-American family of six, with an older male serving as the head of the family unit and an older female. The older male and female are in their mid-60s and have four male children. The children from their 20s to early teens. Their actions are similar to the Euro-American family, where the elder sits at the head of the table with the family members sitting at the outer edge. The older woman interacted more directly with the children than the older male. The family seating dynamics were reminiscent of the first family in the observation. The older female sat on her older man's left, and the older child sat on the right of the patriarch. The children remained relatively still outside, reviewing their menus. The third observation was a Latin American couple who appeared to be in their thirties having dinner. The couple sat by the window for an unobstructed view of the river. The couple sat directly across from each other. As They conversed, but they were more of a face-to-face interaction.

DEVELOPING CONCLUSIONS 6 The fourth observation was that of a single male customer. The male subject sat close to the television. After the server took his dinner order, the gentleman divided his attention between the football game on the television and the cellular phone. The male occasionally looked around to take in his surroundings, making eye contact with individuals around him. After peeking up, the attention would return to his cellular phone. The gentleman enjoyed the Thanksgiving special offered by the restaurant, which included turkey, mashed potatoes, sweet corn, sweet potatoes, and cranberry sauce. Desert was a slice of pecan pie with whipped cream topping. The special offer created unusually high demand and customer traffic, as evidenced by how the entire parking lot was. As vehicles pulled out, another pulled in. Customers congregated around the front of the restaurant as they exited or entered their vehicle. The scene was reminiscent of a large family gathering visiting. Thanksgiving Day dinner has created a specialized culture. It provides a vehicle to explore how consumption actively constructs culture (Wallendorf & Arnold, 1991). The observation process produced a significant pattern among all the subjects in the study. Each participant in the observation displayed different aspects of the socialization spectrum, including social aspects of the family and those involving intimate adult relationships. The significance of such essential interaction has proven to be a social control mechanism. Positive interaction leads to positive outcomes, especially parent-child or husband-wife interaction. Social connectedness also leads to a decrease in several mental health pathologies. Social connectedness is the subjective awareness of close relationships with the social world, including relationships with family, friends, and peers and an internal sense of belonging (Faro et al., 2019). Discussion

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DEVELOPING CONCLUSIONS 7 Various unit members had the opportunity to exchange information with other members while those not actively involved in the conversation sat on the sidelines and just listened. Family dynamics have changed through the decades. However, the primary function of the information exchange center remains the same. During the last decade of the 20 th century, a new idea borrowed various concepts (s). These studies describe and document language use at the family dinner. One prominent tradition of studying dinnertime talk emerged in the 1990s and drew family tables (Wingard, 2015). The family gets to decide what gets socialized and who does the socialization within the variation framework between different but related cultural groups. The restaurant has served as a surrogate family kitchen in today's world. In this space, families take the opportunity to discuss any significant topics that may affect them, including personal and employment matters. Modern society has changed or modified many aspects of family life in America, including the central meeting place in most homes, the kitchen. For many restaurants or small diners, the key attractive point is to make the space as home-like as possible. They treat every customer as a family member who dropped by for dinner. This business model makes for the perfect meeting place for a family that desires a home away from home. The overall behavior exhibited by the observational participants indicates how much eating and celebrating with family intersects with the desire to socialize and the significance it has played throughout the decades. Despite that, the crowd at the restaurant and not at home, all that home displays them is where one wants it to be. Most patrons displayed the joy and love that one would expect in a considerable family of cousins, nephews, nieces, and grandchildren, with the matriarch in the kitchen cooking for all. Many would enter and leave as they finished their dinners and continued to their destinations. What was left was the impression that the human

DEVELOPING CONCLUSIONS 8 condition craves social interaction, regardless of the setting they find themselves in and will make the best of it. Conclusion The observational approach has been the best way to collect qualitative data for decades. Observing people in their natural environment avoids problems inherent in self-reported accounts and can reveal insights inaccessible from other data collection methods (Morgan et al., 2017). The observational approach may expose specific aspects of the participant's behavior that were not previously known. Observational research is often cost-effective to the sponsors, allowing more studies. The cost-benefit ratio of enrolling a subject in observational studies is relatively low, which makes feasible the recruitment of large samples potentially needed to reliably modest but clinically significant differences (Ercole et al., 2020). The observers may know the participants for clinical observations, which does not provide for a genuinely pristine observation environment. This author's observation was categorized or labeled as an unstructured observation. It allowed the author to blend in with the research participants without contaminating the study. Ethnographic study of Thanksgiving Day celebrations informs our understanding of the US. Celebrations inform our understanding of the US. Behaviors (Wallendorf & Arnould, 1991). Such celebration has shown the convergence of religion, national pride, and the official start of the holiday season. As social beings, humans often take every opportunity to interact and socialize with those with whom they find a commonality. Often, this leads to congregating in places where they feel at home. Sharing food and conversation makes everyone family. Christian Worldview

DEVELOPING CONCLUSIONS 9 Teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age (English Standard Version, Matthew 28:20).

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DEVELOPING CONCLUSIONS 10 References Barrett, D., & Twycross, A. (2018). Data collection in qualitative research. Evidence-based nursing, 21(3), 63-64. Blum-Kulka, S. (1994). The dynamics of family dinner talk: cultural contexts for children's passages to adult discourse. Research on Language Social interaction, 27(1), pp. 1-50 Brumark, A. (2003). Regulatory talk and politeness at the family dinner table. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) , 16(2-3), 171-211. Ercole, A., Brinck, V., George, P., Hicks, R., Huijben, J., Jarrett, M., Vassar, M., & Wilson, L. (2020). Guidelines for data acquisition, quality, and curation for observational research designs (DAQCORD). Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, 4(4), 354-359. https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.24 Faro, A. L., McKee, L. G., Gracia, R. L., & O'Leary, J. L. (2019). Emotion socialization, social connectedness, internalizing symptoms in emerging adults. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 64, 101051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2019.101051 Morgan, S. J., Pullon, S. R., Macdonald, L. M., McKinlay, E. M., & Gray, B. V. (2017). Case study observational research: A framework for conducting case study research where observation data are focused. Qualitative health research , 27(7), 1060-1068. Mulder, M. B., Caro, T. M., Chrisholm, J. S., Dumont, J. P., Hall, R. L., Hinde, R. A., &

DEVELOPING CONCLUSIONS 11 Ohtsuka, R. (1985). The use of quantitative observational techniques in anthropology Current Anthropology, 26(3), 323-335. O'Leary, Z. (2015). Researching Real-World Problems: A Guide to Methods of Inquiry. Sage. O'Leary, Z. (2004). The Essential Guide to Doing Research. Sage. The English Standard Version Bible. (2001). Crossway. Wallendorf, M., & Arnould, E. J. (1991). We gather together the Consumption rituals of Thanksgiving Day. Journal of Consumer Research, 18(1), 13-3. Wingard, L. (2015). Family Dinner Interaction. The International Encyclopedia of Language and Social Interaction, 1-10.

Developing Conclusions from Observation_paper_2023

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