SG Lit
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STUDY GUIDE ON EXAMINING THE LITERARY CONTEXT
GGW 8, 4, 5/ UAB11
BE SURE TO DOCUMENT YOUR SOURCES! This should become a habit.
The Purpose of the Book
1.
Some passages in Ecclesiastes, like 3:19-20, seem to deny that people have immortal souls or life after death? Do you think that is really what the author meant to teach?
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According to the Ultimate Bible Dictionary, Ecclesiastes is widely regarded as the most problematic book in the Bible. The work has been called pessimistic, shocking, unorthodox, and even heretical. For example, certain passages in the Bible have been understood as denying life beyond death such as 3:19-20. However, when these passages are viewed in light of the book's overall theme, it is clear that the author is not denying the existence of the human spirit after death, but rather stating an obvious fact: at death, earthly life (life "under the sun") with its joys, sorrows, and opportunities ends. Earthly possessions and worldly pursuits are fleeting and have no eternal significance for believers or unbelievers. Only what is done for God will endure How does the purpose of the author help interpret a passage like 3:19-20? Check a Bible Handbook, Bible Dictionary, etc., for a discussion of the purpose and nature of Ecclesiastes. -
According to the Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible Volume 2, pages 7, Ecclesiastes is viewed as a work of wisdom literature in the Old Testament. It is a philosophical and reflective book about the
complexities and challenges of human life. The author, who is typically connected with Qoheleth (the Preacher), explores several elements of life, including wisdom, pleasure, work, and the unavoidable reality of death. Though not completely uncommitted, he approached life with an open
mind and documented his thoughts on what is ideal for a guy. His desire for pleasure is influenced by unspoken moral ideals and compassion for humanity. Applying this understanding to Ecclesiastes 3:19-20, the author may be highlighting the mortality of humans, emphasizing the temporal nature of life. It is a reflection on the common fate that awaits all living beings, raising questions about the meaning and purpose of existence.
2.
Read James 2:24 and Galatians 2:16. How do the broader context and the purpose of the letters help us understand their apparently contradictory statements?
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According to the Ultimate Bible Dictionary, James is writing to mostly Jewish Christian readers, emphasizing the practical implications of faith. In James 2, he specifically addresses the topic of faith without works, arguing that true faith is evidenced by good works. He rejects a mere intellectual or verbal acknowledgement of faith without corresponding actions. Paul is writing to the Galatians, who are under the influence of Judaizers who believe that justification requires adherence to Mosaic law, including circumcision. Galatians emphasizes redemption by faith in Christ rather than adherence to the Mosaic law. Paul rejects the notion that one must earn justification through works, particularly the works of the law. Both James and Paul affirm the importance of genuine faith. James insists that true faith will naturally result in good works, and Paul emphasizes that true faith in Christ, not adherence to the law, justifies a person.
The Plan or Outline of the Book
Philemon is a short book (only one chapter, 25 verses). We can study this book to see how we should look for the plan of the book.
1.
Outline Philemon.
The transformative power of Christian’s love
I.
Introduction (v1-3)
A.
Greetings and introduction of the sender (Paul) and recipients (Philemon, Apphia, Archippus, and the church in Philemon's house).
B.
This is the usual greeting of Paul
II.
The reputation of Philemon (v4-7)
A.
The close relationship between Philemon and Paul; asking for prayer
B.
Philemon’s good reputation as a believer; expressing gratitude for Philemon's love and faith
III.
Appeal for Onesimus (v8-22)
A.
Paul's plea on behalf of Onesimus, Philemon's runaway slave
B.
Paul's request for Philemon to receive Onesimus as a brother in Christ, no longer as a slave
C.
Paul's pledge to personally accept responsibility for any debts or wrongs done by Onesimus.
D.
Paul's hope to visit Philemon soon.
IV.
Closing Greetings (v23-25)
A.
Greetings from various individuals associated with Paul.
2.
How do verses 4-7 contribute to Paul’s purpose in writing to Philemon?
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Paul establishes a foundation of reconciliation by acknowledging Philemon's love and faith toward the Lord and fellow believers. Paul emphasizes the spiritual bond they share through praying for Philemon's fellowship in the faith. Paul acknowledges Philemon's faith and urges that it be active and successful, resulting in good things for the believers. All of this contributes to Paul's appeal that Philemon accept the runaway Onesimus as a brother rather than a slave. (The Student Bible Dictionary)
The Immediate Context
1.
How does the immediate context clarify Paul’s statement in Philippians 2:12, “Work out your salvation with fear and trembling?”
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The word "therefore" at the beginning of verse 12 shows a relationship to the prior verses. In light of Christ's humble obedience and exaltation, Paul encourages the Philippians to live out their salvation. "Work out your own salvation" does not indicate that you can earn or achieve salvation by your own efforts. Instead, it reflects the concept of actively living, using, and expressing the salvation that God has mercifully provided. The phrase "With Fear and Trembling" conveys a reverent and humble attitude throughout the process. It recognizes the importance of God's salvation and the seriousness with which believers should approach their faith.
2.
In Philippians 4:13, what particular “things” was Paul referring to when he said, “I can do all things through Him who strengthens me?”
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In verses 11-12, Paul emphasizes contentment in all circumstances, whether in times of abundance or need. He has learned to be content in any circumstances because Christ gives him strength. The phrase "I can do all things through him who strengthens me" comes after Paul's statement about contentment. It underlines his reliance on Christ for strength as he faces life's obstacles and uncertainties. In this passage, the phrase "all things" refers to the many events and situations that Paul may meet in his life, rather than endless or boundless achievements.
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