Classical Culture 5

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University of Guelph *

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1000

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Arts Humanities

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Oct 30, 2023

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docx

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Greek history and the polis ( City state) Mycenae , tiryns and pylos and troy - collapse The dark age put an end to the great kings. - Which did not happen in the east , and the Perisans retained their kings. Polis - Greeks noticed that one of the downfall of the polis was that they could grow too independent and became alienated. The first olympics (every 4 years) was put in balance to connect them. Greeks belonged to polis which could range from a couple hundred people to many. They first were oligarchies ( ruled by tyrants) , which were vulnerable to coups where men would attempt to overthrow the tyrant and become the new tyrant. The polis is a characteristic feature of the Arachic and Classic periods. In homers odyssey - Odysseus comes face to face with a cyclops which is an allegory for a king. The cyclops made its own laws, no debate assemblies, lived in caves on top of hills ect.. Delphi - Contained temple of Apollo which made all greeks see delphi see it as a place of holy worship to the god apollo. The olympics exluded of all who were not greek men. Corinth - tyrant named Periander ruled and was Early archaic athens ( in cylon) was chaotic and was prone to upheaval and social disorder rained whichw was usually about weath distribution between citizens. Cylon was aided in sizing the city with his father - Theagenese of Megara. However they were driven out and moved to an old temple to athena Thucydides. Megacles made a deal with cyclon supporters to allow them to leave peacefully if they were still atched to athena , but they (Megacles) attached themselves to athena with a string but were brutally beat to death. Draco passed harsh lawa about things like the death pentalty. Today , draconan means something unusually harsh. The laws did not bring balance or justice. The athenians turned to Solon , who was one of the 7 wise. Salon had an impossible jon bc he head to appease the masses while also keeping arstoracts engaged. He was trying to build peace and trainquility. He diecides to dived athena society into 4 sections based on weath. The Pentakosiomedimnoi and hippeis were the social elite. Weath was the most important thing within the classes. The middle class was the Zeugeatac ( related to aligruuctural term - yolk) then the lowest class were thetes. He tired to lift the lower classes without upsetting the upper classes. He forgave all debt slavery from lower classes and freed them. The upper classes were upset so Solon - every year the atheanas were to elect 9 archons to help the Oligarchy. The Archons had to be from the upper

two classes. He created two divisions of government the boule ( lower louse) which was made up of 400 people ( 1000 people from each tribe from upper class) and the upper house , Areopagus which could only be made up of ex-archons. The boule passed lower legislation. Th Areopaugus dealth with serious topics. The boule would pass to the Areopaugys. The Ekklesa was a public assembly ( any male of any class) could vote on bills. They had no way of changing things. After solon left - there was still some arrest , hwowever they lived in peace without him for 4 years. In the fitfth year, they didnt appoint an archon becaus they were divided.The Athenians were always engaged in party strife Peistratus made himself tyrant and he was a truyant 5 times. He would dress a woman up to look like athena and say he was blessed by athena to rule. This fooled the athenians and he was accepted. He was a stable ruler and established ?. He sponsored events and ect.. His sons where not as good as their father and was a modern tyrant - abusive with power. Athenans killed Hipparchus , and his brother Hippas went on a killing spree after his death. Clethense explaned demcracy and empowering athenas. There is a relationship in how a government rules and how the state goes to war. Kings reasoned their power by wearing special armor and edefned the state. The greeks dropped king centred warfare and defending the state became the job of the citizens. Hoplites were an example. This promoted the comradry between them.

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