Ch 2

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University Of Georgia *

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1107

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Arts Humanities

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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pptx

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Chapter 2: Awareness, Creativity, & Communication “The creative process often begins when one is inspired by an idea or faced with a problem…” (p. 17)

• 10 people painting the same subject- even working from the same vantage point- will make 10 different images…. – Life Experiences – Personal Values – Interests • All play a part! Creative visual thinking … • Associates objects with feelings • See not only as shapes and colors, but with relation to other remembered things • Humans draw from many levels of meaning • Combine rational intelligence with intuition and memory S. Dali, The Persistence Of Memory

Aesthetics, Art, & Beauty • Most cultures have a definition of “ beautiful ”- something pleasing to the eye, well- proportioned, harmonious, an ideal of some sort… • Western Tradition Art : Classical (Greek & Roman) Art, Renaissance Art most commonly represent this • However, what is considered pleasing to the eye and beautiful varies considerably across cultures… • Pretty vs. Beautiful : Pretty is more simple, pleasant/attractive to the eye Beautiful means having “qualities of a higher order,…qualities that delight the eye.” -Engage the intellectual or moral sense -Achieve many things/goals simultaneously “Beautiful doesn’t necessarily mean good- looking.” ~Louis Kahn, Architect To DaVinci, “ugliness is a variation of beauty” and just as worthy of attention!

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…What is “ugly” can be just as intriguing as what is beautiful… • Vincent Van Gogh’s Skull with a Burning Cigarette presents another aspect of what most humans consider to be ugly- reminders of death (the skeleton) In contrast to Van Gogh's careful brushwork, a similar topic is presented very differently by J-M Basquiat, a former graffiti artist ( Tobacco ) • Street-painting style • Intentionally blunt • Page 21!

• the source of all art, science, technology –in fact, all of civilization- is human imagination, or “creative thinking” • “Imagination is more important than knowledge.” ~A. Einstein • Just as fundamental to experiencing and appreciating a work of art as it is to creating one – Insightful seeing is, in itself, a creative act Studies of Creativity have described traits of people who ‘have it’: These include the abilities to… -be open to new experiences -take advantage of accidental events -make one thing out of another by shifting its function (Full list on p. 24!) Creativity • Creativity is an attitude • We all have the potential to be creative • Some aspects of creativity are similar worldwide, but each culture has specific ways of thinking about the subject

Types of Artists: Trained vs. Untrained and Folk • Untrained Artists/Folk Artists : those with little or no formal art education, who make objects commonly recognized as art – Folk Art: an established tradition of style, theme, and craftsmanship – Can take many forms: from quilts and hand-stitching to customized cars • Outsider Artists : untrained, and are largely unaware of art history, or the art trends of their time • Trained Artists : – Originally trained and worked as an apprentice to accomplished master – Women were most often excluded from traditional apprenticeships until recent centuries – Today, most art training takes place in art schools or college/university departments – Formal settings help to develop sophisticated knowledge of alternative points of view – Understand how to create art that has both a contemporary and historical setting – Trained artists often show an awareness of their relationship to Art History • This can be both an asset and a burden! – Knowledge of Art History provides a wealth of knowledge to draw from – Can lead to a struggle to be profound and original

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Art & Appearances • “The most direct avenue to the mind is by way of the eyes.” ~S. I.Hayakawa, Philosopher • In Art, how the artist interprets a subject is often more important than the actual subject being used • Subjects don’t make art- Artists and their perceptions do – how the image is composed – The materials and techniques employed – What is emphasized vs. what is left out • All this becomes the basis for an in-depth experience of a work of art! Regardless of their approach, artists invite viewers to see beyond mere appearances… The terms representational, abstract, and nonrepresentational are used to describe a work’s relationship to the physical world…

Representational Art (also called objective or figurative) • Depicts the realistic appearance of things • Represents objects we recognize from the everyday world • Objects that representational art depict are called subjects The most “real” looking paintings: Trompe l’oeil style (“Fool the eye”) -These paintings are impressive because they look so real - Often, images/subjects are arranged close to life-size/scale, almost like they could be touched (In your text: Harnett’s A Smoke Backstage and Magritte’s The Treason of Images , p. 29-30)

• In art, “ abstract ” can mean: – Works of art that have no reference at all to natural objects – Works that depict natural objects in simplified, distorted, or exaggerated ways* • The artist changes the object’s natural appearance in order to reveal or emphasize certain qualities • You may be able to recognize the subject matter of an abstract piece quickly and easily, but often you need the help of a hint or clue (such as the title) • In a basic sense, all art is abstract in some way, because it’s impossible for an artist to reproduce exactly what is seen Abstract Art Abstract (v.) : to extract the essence of an object or idea

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• Abstraction in one form or another is common in the art of many cultures • Native people of the Northwest coast decorate many objects with forms abstracted from the animals that populate their mythology • Chilkat Blanket , (before 1928)- woven by Tlingit women – Center: face of a figure – Below face, claw feet point outward – Other shapes symbolize eyes, fins, wings of other animals in a symmetrical arrangements – Artists used abstraction in decorative use of meaningful symbols Stages of Abstraction : Theo van Doesburg, Abstractions of a Cow (p. 32)

Non-Representational Art (Also called non-objective or nonfigurative art) • A great deal of the world’s art was not meant to be representational at all – Amish quilts – Navajo textiles – Islamic wood carvings • All depend on patterns that give pleasure through mere variety of line, shape, and color • Visual forms are presented with no specific references to anything outside themselves • A total absence of subject matter! • Two very different types of non-representational art in your textbook (p. 33): Footscray (1985), Nancy Graves Tukutuku Panels (1930’s), Maori Tribe

Form vs. Content “Form is what we see- content is the meaning we get from what we see.” (p. 34) • Form : the total effect of the combined visual qualities within a work, including – Materials – Color – Shape – Line – Design, etc… • Content : the message or the meaning within a work of art; what the artist expresses or communicates to the viewer • Content determines form, but form expresses content- the two are inseparable • One way to understand is to compare works that have the same subject but vary greatly in terms of their form and their content….

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“ The Kiss ” by Auguste Rodin “ The Kiss ” by Constantin Brancusi -Shows how two different sculptors interpret an embrace - Rodin : life-size, Western ideals of masculine and feminine- highly charged, sensual moment. Marble shows softness of flesh, emotional embrace - Brancusi : solid quality of a block of stone- minimal cutting of the block symbolizes (rather than illustrates, like Rodin) the concept of two becoming one. He chose geometric abstraction rather than naturalism to express love *Rodin’s work expresses the feelings of love, while Brancusi’s expresses the idea of love

Iconography • Iconography is the symbolic meaning of signs, subjects, and images • Not all works of art contain iconography – Those that do: often the symbolism rather than actual image that carries the deepest meaning When subject matter is present, meaning is often based on traditional interpretations… • The identification and specific significance of subjects, motifs, colors, forms, and position are the central concern of iconographic interpretation • Timeless : spanning cultures, religions, time periods, etc. • In your textbook: The Knight, Death, and the Devil (1513), A. Dürer, and Descent of the Ganges (7 th Century), Indian stone carving • In modern America, the most pervasive art forms are mass media advertising images, which also have their iconography! – Artists use commercial images to comment on “the times”

The Liberation of Aunt Jemima , (1972) Betye Saar – Mixed Media • Based on stereotypical image of black nanny from a box of cooking mix • Confronts viewers with startling group of faces and figures • Artist altered the imagery to allow Jemima to arm herself • Even now , the figure of A.J. can dredge up painful feelings of racial stereotyping • Contrasts between a broom and a rifle add to the message • Construction is punctuated with an icon of a very different purpose… • Defiant, upraised clenched fist • A salute/primary symbol of the Black Power Movement • By making hand large and central, in front of the woman holding the baby- meaning is abundantly clear! Homework (no class Mon.!): -Read/notes Chs. 2, 3, and 4 -Print out ‘Journal’ Assignment & get started!

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