JANM paper

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Oct 30, 2023

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Hilary Gonzalez Professor Santillano LBS 2340-04 14 October 2023 Ethnic Museum Analysis Paper: Japanese American National Museum The first Japanese immigrants in the United States were known as Issei, who arrived around the 1860s. They fled from their homeland, seeking better job opportunities to provide for their families. A new generation of Japanese Americans called the Nisei adopted American traditions and values by speaking English and practicing Christianity. The attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, during the Second World War, caused a wave of anti-Japanese suspicion and fear among Americans. The press contributed to this paranoia by posting propaganda about Japanese Americans being spies and undercover enemies. In 1942, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, which authorized the military to evacuate all persons from "military areas" and transfer them to "relocation camps." They issued a Civil Exclusion Order stating, "All Japanese persons, both alien and non-alien, will be evacuated from the above-designated area by 12:00 o'clock noon on Tuesday, April 7, 1942." It impacted the lives of thousands of Japanese people who greatly desired to be seen as American citizens. The Japanese American National Museum is located in the district of Little Tokyo. The building that the museum is currently in was formerly the Nishi Hongwanji Buddhist Temple. In "Displaying and Celebrating the "Other": A Study of the Mission, Scope, and Roles of Ethnic Museums in Los Angeles," Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris and Carl Grodach explain "Ethnic museums exist within a local context, at the same time that they are expected to promote and create a specific cultural context" (55). Little Tokyo was the largest Japanese community in the
US before World War II. There are many historic landmarks and murals representing the culture of Japan. The Japanese American National Museum website states, "The mission of the Japanese American National Museum is to promote understanding and appreciation of America's ethnic and cultural diversity by sharing the Japanese American experience." There are hundreds of stories of Japanese individuals who settled in the United States and made a significant impact on history. The museum also speaks out on social injustices and works on transforming the lives of those who do not know about Japanese history. Ethnic museums are important because they help people from different backgrounds come together. They bring awareness of the hardships particular cultures faced in America. Preservation is key in ethnic museums for future generations. Its contribution to society helps us develop as we learn the importance of diversity and cultural heritage. Loukaitou-Sideris and Grodach explain five roles that ethnic museums play: "(1) advocate of a particular culture, (2) interpreter of the culture and history of the ethnic group, (3) zone of contact between the ethnic culture and the culture of others, (4) keeper of ethnic traditions, and (5) site of contest" (59). Not every museum plays every role, but The Japanese-American National Museum plays almost all of them. They are advocates for the Japanese community. They interpret different cultural pieces and photographs and provide the history of Japanese immigration to the United States. They are located in a district where most Japanese immigrants settled in Los Angeles. They mention plenty of different ethnic traditions that are still carried out today. Ethnic museums concentrate on pieces that share stories and bring awareness to many different cultures, which is an essential part of representing multicultural arts. In "Philosophy and the Values of a Multicultural Community," Lawrence Blum explains the concept of multiculturalism in depth. He listed three essential values in a multicultural society: Opposition to Racism, Multiculturalism, and Sense of
Community, connection, or common humanity. One must understand one's cultural heritage to understand and value other cultures. History taught in American schools is often whitewashed. They do not share the side of the people who suffered due to the consequences of the government's laws. Anastasia Loukaitou- Sideris and Carl Grodach explain that mainstream museums have failed to display ethnic cultures, and they often categorize them as "primitive" (51). However, the authors argue that mainstream museums serve those of "elite culture" and "national heritage" even if they are open to the public (52). In many of these museums, the voices of minorities are not being heard or displayed. An ethnic museum aims to promote and recognize a particular cultural heritage. Some also seek to entertain the public by offering music, dance, and theater. Reviewing the JANM website, I encountered a Japanese photographer and artist named Wakaji Matsumoto. He was initially from Hiroshima, Japan, and came to the United States in 1906. He opened his photo studio when he returned to his hometown but had to close down in 1942 during the war. His photographs are incredibly significant and historic. The selected image shows a parade passing through the Nishi Hongwanji Buddhist Temple. It shows Japanese children wearing Shinto regalia. I chose this photo because it directly relates to the history of the Japanese-American National Museum. It served the Japanese community for years until they were ordered to leave their homes and businesses. The building even served as a hostel in 1945 for those returning from the concentration camps. The city of Los Angeles decided to restore the building and convert it into a museum. It is crucial for every culture to have its own designated museum to learn more about past events in the United States. Ethnic museums positively contribute to society for both people who are a part of these cultural groups and for outsiders as well. It can serve as an educational resource, where visitors can learn more about that particular
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culture. Before conducting research for this essay, I did not know much about the history of Japanese Americans in the United States. Little Tokyo is located near my home, and I never knew its history. I learned about many talented Japanese immigrants who opened up businesses and explored their artistic creativity, then were forced to leave that behind to be persecuted by the American government. Resources “JANM History” Japanese American National Museum
https://www.janm.org . Accessed 14 October 2023 Loukaitou-Sideris, Anastasia, and Carl Grodach. “Displaying and celebrating the ‘other’: A study of the mission, scope, and roles of ethnic museums in Los Angeles.” The Public Historian , vol. 26, no. 4, 2004, pp. 49–71, https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2004.26.4.49. Blum, Lawrence. “Philosophy and the values of a multicultural community.” Teaching Philosophy , vol. 14, no. 2, 1991, pp. 127–134, https://doi.org/10.5840/teachphil199114223.

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