Reading worksheet #1 Cultures of Anc. Civ.

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Faith Baptist Bible College and Theological Seminary *

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HIST103

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Anthropology

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Jan 9, 2024

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Cultures of Ancient Civilization Reading Worksheet #1 Comparative Studies Read pp. 15-40 of Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament . Record your answers to the following: In 2-3 sentences explain the meaning of the term ‘comparative studies’ and distinguish it from background studies? (1 point) Background studies has no difference compared to cultural studies. Background studies is studies that review values, beliefs, culture and etc. But what comparative studies does is that it studies one culture and whatever is learned from that culture can help understand another culture. List the 10 principles of Comparative Study? (1 point) 1. Both similarities and difference must be considered. 2. Similarities may suggest a common cultural heritage or cognitive environment rather than borrowing. 3. It is not uncommon to find similarities at the surface but differences at the conceptual level and vice versa. 4. All elements must be understood in their own context as accurately as possible before cross-cultural comparisons are made. 5. Proximity in time, geography, and spheres of cultural contact all increase the possibility of interaction leading to influence. 6. A case for literary borrowing requires identification of likely channels of transmission. 7. The significance of differences between two pieces of literature is minimized if the works are not the same genre. 8. Similar functions may be performed by different genres in different cultures. 9. When literary or cultural elements are borrowed they may in turn be transformed into something quite different by those who borrowed them. 10. A single culture will rarely be monolithic, either in a contemporary cross-section or in consideration of a passage of time. Identify the three main challenges to critical scholarship offered by comparative studies? (1 point) 1.Comparative studies revolutionized critical theory.

2. Comparative studies came against literary criticism due to the fact of the relationship of biblical texts and Near Eastern texts 3. Comparative studies came against critical establishment by providing evidence that whatever found which was supposed to be developed later when it was established earlier. Give two examples of how comparative studies challenged the confessional scholars’ position that the Old Testament was unique, and explain why this was considered a threat. (1 point) One example of how comparative studies challenged the confessional scholars is by dealing with the earliest time periods of biblical age. Another example is how there was no evidence of the the Israelites being in Egypt, or of Moses and Joseph but with comparative studies and having a Babylonian text discovered in 1902, that showed that the story of Exodus was and is factual. Briefly describe the three different roles the author offers for an integrated use of contemporary studies. (1 point) 1. Critical Analysis: Through this, we are able to grasp a wide amount of information and understanding through history and literature of the Bible. 2. Defense of Biblical Text: This role shows the importance of balance and being much careful with cultural studies instead of using data that has been biased. 3. Exegesis of the Biblical Text: Because sometimes the text will not be transparent to us, we need to understand the culture, the literature and what the author was trying to say to fully understand the biblical text that is written.

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Reading worksheet #1 Cultures of Anc. Civ.

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