JolieKelley_StudyQuestCh1

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Anthropology

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Jan 9, 2024

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Name: Jolie Kelley 1.Explain or define the following terms or concepts as they relate to how Manning is using them. Please be thoughtful about your definitions. (you should use the textbook index, Ch. 1, and only if needed other on-line sources for your answers) and (see textbook pp. 3-4) Diaspora: The term “diaspora” is used in this context to refer to migrants who settle in distant lands and continue to grow their families. They all settle further away from their homeland but visit back. The diaspora being referenced by Manning is happening at the same time as the diaspora of Chinese, South Asians, Jewish, Armenians, Irish, and other ethnic groups. This term was previously used to reference the dispersion of Jewish people but was diffused by Jewish and Greek populations. Now “African diaspora” is used more extensively in education and black communities. Sub-saharan Africa (see map on p. 4): Sub-Saharan Africa is simply put as the regions of African below the Sahara. Manning references this as the ‘African homeland’ where black peoples have traveled in freedom and slavery. Old World and New World diasporas: Manning uses Old World diasporas as the regions of the Eastern Hemisphere where migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa traveled. This would include North Africa, western and southwestern Asia, Europe, South Asia, and islands among the Indian oceans. New World diasporas would be east, south, and southwestern North America, as well as South America. Hegemony/hegemonic: Hegemonic powers is being used to define others imposing their will on black people. This was applicable to slave masters, imperial conquerors, colonial, or national societies dominated by propertied elites, government- backed missionaries, and dominant national cultures of the 20 th century. The classes controlled their slaves while also mixing socially and sexually. Pluralism / pluralistic societies: Pluralistic societies are diverse societies where people in it all have different perspectives and points of view. They all live civilly even when their beliefs do not align. Emancipation: Emancipation is the act of being set free, in this case- how the slaves were freed. Post-emancipation: Post-emancipation did not mean slavery was over forever. The history of slavery and oppression is stuck around in Africa and the rest of the world.

Mulatto: a person with white and black ancestry Mestizo: a person mixed in Spanish and white elite versus popular sectors (commoners) of society: Elite sectors of society have high cultural forms. The cultural domains are very closed. The popular sectors of society are the culture of the masses. They have a set of practices, artifacts, and beliefs that they all share. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Please answer each of the following questions in an organized, detailed way. (small paragraphs) 2. Patrick Manning has two points he focuses on in formulating his analytical framework and approach to his book. (A) First off he speaks of the centrality of Africa in the consideration of the diaspora, and two (B) he emphasizes the notion of “connections” or continual patterns of social and cultural “interactions” both locally and abroad throughout every historical era. 2.a. According to Patrick Manning, why should we keep Africa in mind when we study the diaspora? In Chapter 1, Manning explains the development of slavery in Africa and how it expanded to almost every other continent. Keeping Africa in mind when studying the diaspora means having the knowledge available to see how slavery turned into a worldwide act even though it was started only in Africa. The slave trade on African soil was the crucial turning point in how societies interacted, and establishing the oppression that came upon. 2., b. Why is this notion of connections important to him? The notion of connections is important because it helps the Africans to be able to be held together globally. This previous knowledge can provide information for future generations and how the diaspora affects the world. 2.c. And, what myths or false notions do you think he is trying to dispel or correct? He is trying to write history the way it should be interpreted and taught. 3 . What are the four dynamic dimensions of interaction or connectivity throughout the history of the African diaspora that he considers interesting and significant? The dynamic dimensions through the history of the African diaspora that are mentioned are interactions among black communities at home and abroad,

relations of black people with hegemonic powers, relations of blacks with other nonhegemonic racial groups, and mixing of blacks with other populations in every region of Africa and the diaspora. 4. On pages 11-16 in the textbook Patrick Manning covers the topic of racial categorization and how various identity markers and labels develop, and how they are often used. Observe the many historical changes and distinctions in how they are often applied. Then, make a note of two points he makes that interest you. Summarize each point in your own words and include the page number where he makes his point and include your response or reaction to that point. You should have two entries for this question. a) Page 12: Race was once solely defined based off your lineage and bloodline. People now look at race as how they depict people or the color of their skin. Jews were also roped into a category of race even though it is a religion. This essence of race has been continuously modified to how people want to see it. b) Page 13: Racial hierarchies were created by people to rank races within themselves. People assume a racial essence for each group. Race exists not in nature but by choices of individuals or groups. This shows the definitiveness of people looking at race however they wish instead of the biological component.

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JolieKelley_StudyQuestCh1

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