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Apr 3, 2024

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Week 15 Overview: Dispersal of modern homo sapiens Overview The great irony of the Americas being referred to as "the New World" is that this part of the world is not actually new. Just because Europeans did not know about it until about 500 years ago, does not mean that other groups of humans didn't know about it. In fact, humans have been coming here since the paleolithic era, and probably in successive waves (not all at once). This implies that their ancestors knew about these lands, and passed their knowledge along. In fact, the peopling of the New World represents one of the most impressive and successful migration events in human history. For this reason, we will take a deep dive into the various competing theories and explanatory models for how ancient humans made their way here, and also look at the problematic historical context in which some of these theories were created and debated. To-Do List This week, your main objectives are: 1. Complete this week's readings 2. Assignment: Assess the Peopling of the New World theories Readings Note that we are using a free, online textbook called Explorations: An Open Invitation to Biological Anthropology, 2nd Edition . You do not need to download the entire book, as the weekly chapters will be posted here in our Canvas page each week. This week's readings are:

1. Chapter 12: Modern Homo Sapiens (read the second part of this chapter) Learning Objectives By the end of this module, you will be able to: ● Analyze the major theories which explain the peopling of the New World. Introduction In paleoanthropology, primatology, and archaeology, we often refer to the “New World” when talking about the continents known as North and South America. For example, we separate primate groups into New World monkeys and Old World monkeys. However, the "New World" is not actually new. The entire hemisphere did not suddenly spring into existence in 1492, just because some lost Europeans accidentally stumbled upon it on their way to India. Nevertheless, after this first fateful voyage, the “New World” continents (and everything/everyone on them) soon became objects to study, collect, name, exploit, and/or destroy. Europeans were especially surprised to find countless civilizations of people already living on these lands, so a major question in the scientific community became “how did all these people get here?” This question remains incredibly important in American archaeology to this day, but for very different reasons.There have been many competing theories in the last few hundred years as people tried to definitively prove how ancient people made their way into the “New World.” These theories go under the title of "Peopling of the New World." Video lecture ● Watch the video presentation: "Peopling of the New World" (25 minutes) ● This video has subtitles. To turn captions off or on, click the "cc" button in the lower right-hand corner of the screen. ● Things to think about: ○ Why do you think the Peopling of the New World matters so much in anthropology? ○ Which of these theories did you learn about in school? ○ Which of these theories makes the most sense to you?

https://youtu.be/o6RCtdRfvxY Instructions Answer all of the following questions below, in a minimum of 5 sentences, each. Be sure to cite the textbook, lecture slides, or the website(s) from which you got your information about the migration theories . 1. Prior to this class, had you ever learned about how humans came to the New World? If yes, describe what you remember learning, and when you learned it (if you don't remember, just say so). OR, if your education never included this topic, why do you think this major human migration journey was omitted from the curriculum? Come up with at least 1 reason. 2. Which theory or theories about the peopling of the New World seem(s) most plausible to you? Name the theory, and describe the path and the means of migration that were used. Explain why you think it makes the most sense, and be sure to discuss at least 1 piece of the archaeological, historical, and/or genetic evidence that supports this theory (or theories, if you choose more than one). 3. What do you think is the significance of the peopling of the New World? In other words, why are anthropologists still so interested in something that occurred so long ago? Give at least 2 different reasons why this mass migration event matters, in terms of human history, evolution, genetics, archaeology, and/or politics. 4. Include your academically-formatted reference list for your citations Assessing New World Theories Rubric Criter ia Ratings Pts This criterio n is linked to a Learni ng Outco me Answ ered 30 to >15.0 pts Full points Completely and thoroughly answered all of the questions, referring to archaeological sites, describing the theories in full, and discussing reasons 15 to >0.0 pts Half Points Only partially answered the question prompts, answered only a few of the questions, or did not answer clearly. Did not 0 pts No Points Missed 2 or more of the prompts, plagiarized their answer, or misunderstoo d the 30 pts

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the questi on why the theories were constructed and what evidence we have for them. Wrote about specific examples and context from the readings and lectures for the week give concrete examples, or describe theories in any detail. Lacking context and specificity that demonstrates the student did the reading questions. Signs of using AI generated text for most of their answer This criterio n is linked to a Learni ng Outco me Qualit y of the writin g 5 to >2.5 pts Full Points Writing is clear, concise, easy to read and understand . No grammatic al or spelling errors. 2.5 to >0.0 pts Half Points Writing is difficult to read or understand , with numerous typos and grammatica l errors 0 pts No points Did not do assignment. May have shown signs of plagiarism, or used AI generated text for the majority of their writing 5 pts This criterio n is linked to a Learni ng Outco me Refer ence list and citatio ns 5 to >2.5 pts Full Points Properly formatte d, academi c citations included. Also has their referenc e list. 2.5 to >0.0 pts Half Points Has citations, but not in academic format (such as a list of links). Or missing a reference list. 0 pts No Poi nts No citati ons inclu ded, and no refer enc e list 5 pts

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