Assignment 4 Harriman

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Southwestern Illinois College *

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Anthropology

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Apr 3, 2024

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Assignment Four (20 questions) Name: This assignment covers Chapter Three: Foundations of Human Activity (pages 45-63). The purpose of this chapter is to explore patterns of human activity across the United States and Canada. 1) TV shows and movies have for decades depicted Native Americans as having seminomadic lifestyles, moving their teepees (tipis) from place to place. This depiction of a “roving” existence does not accurately reflect many Native American lifestyles that existed before the Europeans arrived! Explain. 2) “Canada’s record of relations with the Indians was and still is better than that of the United States.” What two pieces of evidence do Birdsall and Friends present to back up this statement? 3) The U.S. and Canada saw very large volumes of immigration from Europe during the period from 1815 to 1914. The source areas of these immigrants gradually shifted from northwestern Europe to southeastern Europe through this one-hundred-year-long period. Why the shift from north and west to south and east can be explained by the _____ (or spread) of the Industrial Revolution across Europe. (Fill in the blank with one word – a word that starts with a “d”.) Bradin Harriman Before the Europeans arrived in the America’s there were many different lifestyles that the Native Americans lived. The Pueblo people-built apartment like structures and stayed in a single area due to the environment being able to grow large amounts of crops, meanwhile The Paiutes peoples survived on small game and wild edible vegetation. So there are multiple ways of life that Native Americans lived. The evidence to support that Canada's record of relations with Indigenous peoples is better than the U.S., includes an official expression of regret for past treatment and the creation of Nunavut to settle land claims, is better than that of the United States, despite acknowledging ongoing challenges faced by Indigenous populations in both countries. Diffusion

4) During the slave trade era, hundreds of thousands of enslaved people were brought to the United States. Most did not arrive directly from Africa. Explain. 5) On page 47, Birdsall and Friends note that “neither country deserves awards” for their treatment of the indigenous populations. The same could be said of their early immigration policies. In what sense did Canada follow the United States’ lead with respect to Chinese immigration policy? 6) Both the United States and Canada liberalized immigration policies in the 1960s. Today most immigrants into the U.S. come from Latin America and Asia, while most immigrants into Canada come from Asia. Explain the similarity of the settlement patterns of these most recent immigrants with those of Irish immigrants coming to America back in the mid-1800s. 7) Birdsall and Friends stress that the settlement of the eastern U.S. proceeded in a “generally regular fashion from the east coast westward.” But if you look at Figure 3.1, you’ll notice a white blob in New York state – an area of New York state that was settled several decades after the rest of the state! What is this area called? Many slaves also arrived from the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. The Transatlantic Slave Trade which would go from Europe to Africa to The Americas also shows that different people from different areas of the world could be sold into slave trade. Canada adopted similar discriminatory measures towards Chinese immigration as those implemented by the United States, aligning with the restrictive policies like the Chinese Exclusion Act, reflecting a shared history of anti-Chinese sentiment and legislation between the two countries. Recent immigrants to the United States and Canada, mainly from Latin America and Asia, settle primarily in urban areas, similar to Irish immigrants who arrived in America in the mid-1800s. They often form ethnic enclaves within these urban centers, contributing to the cultural richness and diversity of their adopted countries. Burned-Over District

8) Canadian settlers were slow to spread westward across Canada onto the Canadian Great Plains. Many of the first settlers of the prairies of Manitoba and Saskatchewan were Americans crossing the border from North Dakota! American settlers were able to get onto the Plains much earlier than the Canadians because they could follow the tributaries of the ____ River westward. (Fill in the blank with the name of a river.) 9) A question about Figure 3.2 on page 52: Notice the “finger” of early settlement jutting out from the eastern edge of Quebec. (The finger looks striped – with a band of darker gray sandwiched between bands of lighter grays. (In the color version of the textbook, the grays are greens.)) Use Google Maps to identify the name of the physical feature that explains this finger of early French settlement! Name the physical feature! 10) It kind of frustrates me that Birdsall and Friends don’t include a map that shows the three population zones that they discuss on page 53. At least the first zone is defined adequately enough that we can draw it . . . on Figure 3.4. Go ahead and connect the dots on Figure 3.4 to draw the “quadrant”. The textbook says that “most large cities in the United States and Canada are located in this quadrant.” I know I’m being rather “spatially nitpicky”, but . . . the box does not capture two VERY large cities that are VERY nearby! Name them. 11) “Most geographers would argue that we have the technological ability to work within any physical environment, and humans can live anywhere on the earth’s surface.” Is this really a quote from Chapter Three of our textbook? (Answer either “Yes” or “No”.) Ohio Riviere Saguenay New York City Philidelphia Yes F

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12) About 95 percent of Canadians live within 95 miles of the United States! “The remaining 5 percent of Canada’s population is ____ across the country’s vast northern regions.” (Fill in the blank with a word.) 13) The “Population Redistribution – Mobility Patterns” section delves into two types of population shifts that cut across the different “mobility periods”. The first is the long, slow shift in population westward (and then more recently southward into the Sunbelt). What is the second type of population shift? 14) What argument from page 7 (yes, page 7 back in Chapter One) reappears on page 57? 15) Birdsall and Friends devote some page space on pages 58 and 59 to discussing transportation (break of bulk points, navigable waterways, land transport routes). They spend a lot of time discussing transportation . . . in a section that is titled “Urbanization”! This conversation about transportation – one that at first glance doesn’t seem to belong in an Urbanization section – is necessary in order to answer a question that totally belongs in an Urbanization section!!! What question is their discussion of transportation meant to answer? Sprinkled The second shift is going from Rural Areas to Urban centers called Urbanization. The argument that “ urban environments is less good, if not downright unhealthy and bad” The discussion of transportation in the "Urbanization" section addresses how transportation infrastructure shapes urban development and dynamics, exploring the influence of networks like break of bulk points, navigable waterways, and land transport routes on the spatial organization, economic activities, and interconnectivity of urban environments.

16) On page 59, the authors devote two large paragraphs to defining site and situation . I think the authors do a good job describing and distinguishing these concepts . . . until the very last sentence (at the bottom of the first column of page 59). I think this sentence needs some clarification! The term “growth” is used twice in the sentence, and the two “growth”s have different meanings! They are two different types of growth. So I want to clarify the sentence by adding in two words: “literal physical”. Which one of the two following sentences clarifies the original? (Choose either “A” or “B”.) A: Thus, situational factors are related to the literal physical urban growth process, whereas site factors are related to a settlement’s initial establishment as well as its subsequent growth. B: Thus, situational factors are related to the urban growth process, whereas site factors are related to a settlement’s initial establishment as well as its subsequent literal physical growth. 17) “Culture is transmitted symbolically through language.” “American English may be the United States’ language, but there are significant regional differences in the use of this language.” Birdsall and Friends use the submarine sandwich example to illustrate regional differences in language use. Another good example is carbonated soft drinks (like Sprite or Mountain Dew or Pepsi). Give me at least two terms that people use to refer to soft drinks – terms that are used in different parts of the country! 18) The photograph of Canyon County, Idaho really doesn’t belong on the page that it appears in Chapter Three . . . because the text of the page that it’s on doesn’t talk about what’s in the photo! It would’ve made more sense for the publishers to put the photograph . . . on which page of Chapter Three? B Coke Pop 56

19) While some of the religions practiced in the United States had already been established elsewhere and were brought here by immigrants (e.g. Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism), other religions were founded in the United States. Name one religion / denomination that the textbook says was founded in the United States. (There is more than one correct answer.) 20) Here’s a question about one of the “Review Questions” at the end of the chapter! I don’t use the chapter review questions in this course . . . because I think most of them are just bad questions! One of the review questions at the end of this chapter is particularly bad: Question #4. The first sentence of question #4 is O.K. But the last sentence – the one that ends with the question mark – is just not fair!!! It’s not a fair question to ask!!! Why isn’t it fair??? Mormonism The last sentence of question #4 is unfair because it asks about the existence of a geography of religion in Canada without providing any context, making it difficult to know how to approach the question or what aspects of religion in Canada to focus on.

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