Understanding Primate Evolution: Quiz Questions Unveiled

Your Inner Monkey Questions Started: Apr 19 at 7:45am Quiz Instructions https://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/episode-3-your-inner-monkey (https://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/episode-3-your-inner-monkey) 0.5 pts Question 1 An early mammal with long legs. An early primate with long fingers. A transitional form from reptile to mammal. A region where primate fossils were discovered. What was Northarctus ? 0.5 pts Question 2 Nails instead of claws Divergent thumb Long fingers All of the above Early primates had which adaptations?

0.5 pts Question 3 Flowers and fruits are found at the fine ends of branches, and you need to be able to grasp to hold on. Jumping from tree to tree requires a good grasp and long fingers to make sure you land safely and don’t fall from the canopy. Long grasping fingers were important for grooming others in the social group, which established bonds so that they lived together with less conflict. Long grasping fingers were important for pulling the inedible skins from various jungle fruits, so that they could more easily and efficiently digest their food. Why do we think primates developed long, grasping fingers? 0.5 pts Question 4 It was easier for primates to recognize their own species from all the other primates in the habitat, especially important during mating. It was easier for them to spot camouflaged predators in the forest, so they could get to safety high up in the trees. They were able to avoid potentially poisonous amphibians in their habitat, which display warning coloration when toxic. It allowed them to discriminate ripe from unripe fruits, and younger more nutritious leaves, so they got the most beneficial foods in their diets. What was one advantage of more advanced color vision in early primates? 0.5 pts Question 5 How did primates develop more advanced color vision?

An opsin protein gene was duplicated, increasing the number of opsin genes from 2 to 3, and this allowed for a few simple mutations on the duplicate gene to be able to discriminate many different wavelengths of light. Five or more genes were mutated to provide discrimination of hundreds of colors. Primates with advanced color vision have 2 opsin genes with an accumulated progressive series of mutations leading from original black and white vision only, to added blue-yellow, to additional red-green-purple receptors, allowing for advanced color perception. Genes for smell, which lie close to the area of color perception genes in the brain, became repurposed for additional color discrimination, which made food finding and predator locating more successful. 0.5 pts Question 6 Dogs have a thousand genes devoted to detecting odors. Humans have only about 100. Dogs use a different region of their brain to detect odors than humans do, so they can process more information. Dogs have wet noses, which are much better at attaching to odor molecules in the air, and relaying that information to the brain. Our noses are much drier. Dogs and humans have similar numbers of odor detecting genes, but many of these in humans are no longer functional. A dog’s sense of smell is anywhere from a thousand to a million times better than ours. Why? 0.5 pts Question 7 What traits did Lucy have?

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Large brain Bipedal walk Short arms All of the above 0.5 pts Question 8 Ardi had a larger brain than Lucy. Ardi was tall and skinny. Ardi had longer canines than Lucy or modern humans Ardi lived in a woodland environment and climbed trees Ardi lived in a grassland, and displayed early bipedalism to run from predators. Prior to Lucy, there was an early hominid ancestor named Ardipithecus (Ardi). Ardi was unusual because… 0.5 pts Question 9 Balancing on 2 legs is difficult, and we need an S-shaped spine to balance our center of gravity, and there is lots of pressure at the biggest curve. We have more vertebrae than other primates, to stand so tall, so there are more vertebrae to get injured. Moving 2 legs in a walking or running motion puts a lot of torque on the spine, which is less noticeable when you move on 4 limbs. Why do modern humans have so many back problems?

Quiz saved at 8:04am 0.5 pts Question 10 They could see further in the distance by standing upright, which many primates do for short periods to scan for predators. It freed up the hands to do other tasks, including tool use. It was easier for parents to forage for food and hold offspring at the same time. It gave them a taller stance than some predators, and made them look bigger than they were, as a predator avoidance technique. With all the problems with walking upright, why did hominids add this adaptation, what was the benefit? 1 pts Question 11 Water animal Fast runner Furry reptile Very big brain The early mammalian fossil was named Hadrocodium, which translates into Submit Quiz

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