FINAL PREP

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Lethbridge College *

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MISC

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Anthropology

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Apr 3, 2024

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• Question 1 1 out of 1 points North Americans typically do not eat insects because they have learned to label insects as inedible. This explanation is based on: Selected Answer: a. Culture Answers: a. Culture b. Biology c. Ethnocentrism d. Genetic programming • Question 2 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is NOT one of the features that sets anthropology apart from other social sciences disciplines? Selected Answer: c. linear focus Answers: a. holistic b. multidisciplinary c. linear focus d. cross-cultural focus • Question 3 1 out of 1 points The_____ approach means that anthropologists study many different aspects of humanity, from our furthest biological ancestors to our present-day issues. Selected Answer: b. holistic Answers: a. wide
b. holistic c. scientific d. cultural • Question 4 1 out of 1 points One of the main motivations of anthropological study is to ensure that any suggested generalizations and explanations about humans _____. Selected Answer: d. d. All of the above are true. Answers: a. should be critically evaluated before they are accepted b. should be shown to apply to different periods of time c. should be shown to apply to many different places around the world d. d. All of the above are true. • Question 5 1 out of 1 points Anthropology is the study of _____. Selected Answer: a. humans Answers: a. humans b. human physical variation c. human cultures d. human history • Question 6 1 out of 1 points An anthropologist might study all of the following EXCEPT_____.
Selected Answer: c. the hunting patterns of lions Answers: a. why different cultures eat insects b. when and how humans evolved c. the hunting patterns of lions d. the plants that humans use as medicines • Question 7 1 out of 1 points An archaeologist studies human cultures primarily through _____. Selected Answer: a. their material culture remains Answers: a. their material culture remains b. their fossilized remains c. their writings d. their recorded history • Question 8 1 out of 1 points An archaeologist would NOT study ancient_____. Selected Answer: d. dinosaur bones Answers: a. garbage b. temples c. pottery d. dinosaur bones
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• Question 9 1 out of 1 points A(n)_____seeks to understand how and why peoples of today and the recent past differ in their customary ways of thinking and acting. Selected Answer: b. ethnologist Answers: a. archaeologist b. ethnologist c. sociological anthropologist d. primatologist • Question 10 1 out of 1 points The term_____ refers to the learned ways of thinking and behaving of a particular society or group. Selected Answer: b. culture Answers: a. society b. culture c. ethics d. habits • Question 11 1 out of 1 points A(n)_____may be trained in any or all of the subfields of anthropology. Selected Answer: a. applied anthropologist Answers: a. applied anthropologist b.
biological anthropologist c. archaeologist d. cultural anthropologist • Question 12 1 out of 1 points A human paleontologist (or paleoanthropologist) would be MOST LIKELY to study_____. Selected Answer: c. fossil evidence of human ancestors Answers: a. non-human primates b. modern human genetic variation c. fossil evidence of human ancestors d. all of the above • Question 13 1 out of 1 points All of the following are traditionally considered to be main subfields of anthropology EXCEPT_____. Selected Answer: d. applied anthropology Answers: a. archaeology b. biological anthropology c. linguistic anthropology d. applied anthropology • Question 14 0 out of 1 points Biological anthropologists study_____. Selected Answer: c.
human relatedness to other primates Answers: a. the physical aspects of humans b. the evolution of the human species c. human relatedness to other primates d. all of the above • Question 15 1 out of 1 points The term Primates includes_____. Selected Answer: d. all of the above Answers: a. monkeys b. humans c. apes d. all of the above • Question 16 1 out of 1 points The major difference between ethnologists and ethnographers is_____. Selected Answer: c. whether they study one culture or many cultures Answers: a. how much fieldwork time is involved in their study b. whether or not the society being studied is literate c. whether they study one culture or many cultures d. whether they study modern or "primitive" people • Question 17
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1 out of 1 points According to your textbook, ___________________ is one of the most rapidly growing specialties in anthropology. Selected Answer: d. medical anthropology Answers: a. archaeology b. linguistic anthropology c. cultural anthropology d. medical anthropology • Question 18 1 out of 1 points "Language" is defined as _____________. Selected Answer: b. a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used to encode experience Answers: a. a fixed, rule-based system of words b. a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used to encode experience c. the correct, spoken form of grammar d. a neutral system in which letters correspond to sounds. • Question 19 1 out of 1 points All of the following are examples of material culture, EXCEPT: Selected Answer: b. fossilized human bones Answers: a. remnants of an ancient campfire b. fossilized human bones c.
a pile of stone flakes left over after toolmaking. d. garbage deposited by humans over the last 2 decades. • Question 20 0 out of 1 points Because anthropologists are acquainted with human life in an enormous variety of geographic and historical settings, they are often able to_____. Selected Answer: d. All of the above are false. Answers: a. assess which culture traits are the most modern b. correct mistaken beliefs about cultures c. tell our culture what it is doing incorrectly d. All of the above are false. • Question 1 1 out of 1 points The first step in archaeological research is: Selected Answer: a. identifying the precise geographical location of the remains of past human activity. Answers: a. identifying the precise geographical location of the remains of past human activity. b. small-scale excavations using a shovel to dig small pits. c. large-scale excavations of entire sites or large portions of sites. d. recording the matrix and provenance of objects. • Question 2 1 out of 1 points Which of the following WOULD NOT be studied by archaeologists: Selected Answer: b. Genetic material
Answers: a. Metalwork. b. Genetic material c. Irrigation canals d. Ancient cities • Question 3 1 out of 1 points Individuals with the same genotype can develop a range of different phenotypes. An example of this is: Selected Answer: a. identical twins who develop unique fingerprints. Answers: a. identical twins who develop unique fingerprints. b. fraternal twins who look very similar but are genetically different. c. when organisms actively perturb the environment in ways that modify the selection pressures experienced by subsequent generations. d. pleiotropy • Question 4 1 out of 1 points The main process that increases the frequency of adaptive traits through time is called Selected Answer: c. natural selection. Answers: a. catastrophism. b. creationism. c. natural selection. d. uniformitarianism. • Question 5
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1 out of 1 points Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection Selected Answer: d. all of the above Answers: a. was developed after observing plants, fossils, and wild and domesticated pigeons. b. was presented in 1858 and published in 1859 in Origin of Species. c. theorized that species in the same genera are descended from a common ancestor. d. all of the above • Question 6 1 out of 1 points One very effective way to understand what prehistoric peoples did is to study modern-day peoples who produce similar artifacts and follow similar lifestyles. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False • Question 7 1 out of 1 points A typology classifies archaeological material by: Selected Answer: d. all of the above. Answers: a. the material they are made from. b. their shape. c. their surface decoration. d. all of the above. • Question 8 1 out of 1 points
Consider these two individuals: an Olympic athlete who never had any children, or a sedentary and overweight individual like J.S. Bach who has twenty children. According to Darwinian theory, ________. Selected Answer: a. J.S. Back has high fitness. Answers: a. J.S. Back has high fitness. b. the athlete has higher fitness. c. it is impossible to tell who has higher fitness. d. they have equal Darwinian fitness. • Question 9 1 out of 1 points The observable appearance of a pea plant is called its _____, and the genetic makeup of a pea plant is called its _____. Selected Answer: b. phenotype; genotype Answers: a. stereotype; genes b. phenotype; genotype c. prototype; geotype d. stereotype; genotype • Question 10 0 out of 1 points In most living organisms, heredity is controlled by a chemical substance called: Selected Answer: a. chromosomes Answers: a. chromosomes b. alleles
c. RNA d. DNA • Question 11 1 out of 1 points As scientists, archaeologists do their work using a series of steps that follow the scientific method. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False • Question 12 1 out of 1 points ________ are the remains of natural objects that have been used or affected by humans. Selected Answer: b. Ecofacts Answers: a. Artifacts b. Ecofacts c. Fossils d. Features • Question 13 1 out of 1 points The major difference between a feature and an artifact is: Selected Answer: c. whether they can be moved. Answers: a. how many of them there are. b. how big they are. c. whether they can be moved.
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d. all of the above • Question 14 0 out of 1 points Based on Greek philosophical thought, the idea of the “great chain of being” included the notion that: Selected Answer: d. all of the above. Answers: a. ancient species could go extinct. b. each successively created species had less “divine essence” and were more "primative." c. species could change their form through time. d. all of the above. • Question 15 1 out of 1 points In small and relatively isolated populations, random changes in gene frequencies are called Selected Answer: d. genetic drift. Answers: a. recombination. b. mutation. c. gene flow. d. genetic drift. • Question 16 0 out of 1 points When gene flow occurs, Selected Answer: a. neighbouring regions often have very different gene frequencies for a trait. Answers: a. neighbouring regions often have very different gene frequencies for a trait.
b. it may occur between distant as well as close populations. c. it is always due to people moving from area to area. d. it can be due to trade and migration, but not raiding. • Question 17 1 out of 1 points Living cells reproduce by undergoing two kinds of division: meiosis and mitosis. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False • Question 18 1 out of 1 points Scientific evidence for evolution exists in Selected Answer: d. all of the above. Answers: a. the evolution of new species from existing ones. b. the change in fossils over time. c. observed examples of evolution in fruit flies. d. all of the above. • Question 19 1 out of 1 points The idea the humans have deveoped over time from savagery to civilization through the slow accumulation of experimental knowledge is known as: Selected Answer: a. unilineal cultural evolution. Answers: a. unilineal cultural evolution. b. natural selection.
c. cultural selection d. technological evolutionism. • Question 20 1 out of 1 points The events following the discovery of Kwädąy Dän Ts’ìinchį remains demonstrate that: Selected Answer: d. interactions between researchers and Champagne and Aishihik First Nations can be highly productive and able to meet the needs of First Nations peoples. Answers: a. remains are often obtained unethically, through grave robbing and even murder. b. federal and provincial governments have different, often conflicting, views on the role of research. c. the rapid development of the oil and gas industry has exponentially increased the number and significance of archaeological investigations. d. interactions between researchers and Champagne and Aishihik First Nations can be highly productive and able to meet the needs of First Nations peoples. • Question 1 1 out of 1 points Humans belong to: Selected Answer: d. all of the above. Answers: a. class Mammalia. b. genus Homo. c. order Primates. d. all of the above. • Question 2 0 out of 1 points According to the AAA’s “Statement on Race,” what percentage of genetic variation makes the so- called “races” different from each other?
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Selected Answer: a. about 94%. Answers: a. about 94%. b. about 42%. c. about 6%. d. there is no genetic difference between the races. • Question 3 0 out of 1 points Racial classifications can be problematic because: Selected Answer: c. genetic diversity may not be reflected in one’s genotype or outward appearance. Answers: a. physical variations occur gradually over geographic areas (clinal variation). b. people who use them are unaware of how to properly divide the races up. c. genetic diversity may not be reflected in one’s genotype or outward appearance. d. if they were properly applied, African-Americans score as the best race in history. • Question 4 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is true of hominoids (superfamily hominoidea)? Selected Answer: b. They can be distinguished from Old World Monkeys based on certain characteristics, like canine size, jaw shape, and molar size. Answers: a. They have a prehensile tail. b. They can be distinguished from Old World Monkeys based on certain characteristics, like canine size, jaw shape, and molar size. c. They include all moneys, apes, and humans.
d. They are generally smaller in size than New World Monkeys • Question 5 0 out of 1 points The earliest known hominoid fossils were found in: Selected Answer: d. North Africa. Answers: a. Western Europe. b. China. c. western Saudi Arabia and northern Kenya. d. North Africa. • Question 6 1 out of 1 points In Alberta in 1928, a law was passed that allowed: Selected Answer: d. doctors to sterilize “mentally defective” patients with low IQs. Answers: a. lawyers to refuse to represent First Nations people or people “of colour.” b. pharmacists to refuse service to any visible minority group. c. European diseases such as smallpox, tuberculosis, and measles. d. doctors to sterilize “mentally defective” patients with low IQs. • Question 7 0 out of 1 points Your intelligence is highly dependent on: Selected Answer: c. your educational background. Answers: a. your genetic/biological background.
b. your comfort with IQ exam formats. c. your educational background. d. your racial background. • Question 8 0 out of 1 points Compared to low-lying populations, which trait are Andeans more likely to have? Selected Answer: c. decreased numbers of capillaries in the lungs. Answers: a. smaller chests b. greater lung capacity c. decreased numbers of capillaries in the lungs. d. none of the above • Question 9 1 out of 1 points What is the role of increased levels of melanin in the skin? Selected Answer: c. to protect the body from ultraviolet radiation Answers: a. to absorb more sunlight to prevent rickets b. to protect the skin from cold temperatures c. to protect the body from ultraviolet radiation d. to be able to dissipate heat better from the skin • Question 10 1 out of 1 points Which of the following sentences about sickle-cell anaemia is (are) correct?
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Selected Answer: c. It is a defence against malaria. Answers: a. It is a form of cancer that affects red blood cells. b. It is most virulent in its heterozygous form, and results in early death. c. It is a defence against malaria. d. All of the above • Question 11 1 out of 1 points ________________ is considered ancestral to humans. Selected Answer: a. Proconsul heseloni Answers: a. Proconsul heseloni b. Altanius orvoli c. Theropithecus gelada d. 12 – 13 • Question 12 1 out of 1 points When African American and European American students of the same class and educational background are given IQ tests, their average scores are similar. This suggests that: Selected Answer: b. IQ scores are not phenotypic traits uniquely determined by genes Answers: a. IQ scores are independent of environmental factors. b. IQ scores are not phenotypic traits uniquely determined by genes c. IQ scores are determined by multiple genes. d. IQ scores do not reflect educational background and class
• Question 13 0 out of 1 points The arboreal theory (defined by Le Gros Clark) for the emergence of the earliest primates argues that: Selected Answer: c. are adaptations which allowed primates to find edible plants and fruits. Answers: a. primates adaptations are adaptations to living in trees. b. are adaptations to hunting of small insects. c. are adaptations which allowed primates to find edible plants and fruits. d. adaptations in primates are not adaptive at all. • Question 14 1 out of 1 points The Great Ape Project’s main goal is to: Selected Answer: d. convince world governments to give human rights to apes. Answers: a. classify the remaining primates of the world. b. manage and protect the habitats of wild primates. c. maintain breeding programs to increase primate numbers. d. convince world governments to give human rights to apes. • Question 15 0 out of 1 points New World monkeys Selected Answer: d. are less arboreal than Old World monkeys. Answers: a. have three premolars. b. have a tooth comb.
c. are referred to as catarrhines. d. are less arboreal than Old World monkeys. • Question 16 1 out of 1 points In terms of culture and physical variation in humans, Selected Answer: d. culture might act to lessen the likelihood of adaptation or acclimatization. Answers: a. there is no relationship. b. culture is primarily directed by natural selection. c. physical variation is primarily determined by culture in modern times. d. culture might act to lessen the likelihood of adaptation or acclimatization. • Question 17 1 out of 1 points Variation between human populations could be due to: Selected Answer: d. all of the above. Answers: a. differences in genetic frequencies. b. interaction between genes and the environment. c. impacts on an individual’s growth and development. d. all of the above. • Question 18 0 out of 1 points How adaptive a gene or trait is ultimately depends on Selected Answer: d. how long it lasts in the population.
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Answers: a. whether it is passed down. b. what the environmental factors are. c. how many individuals are affected. d. how long it lasts in the population. • Question 19 0 out of 1 points Which of the following statements is true regarding gibbons and siamangs? Selected Answer: d. They live in multi-male, multi-female groups. Answers: a. They form mated monogamous pairs. b. There is pronounced sexual dimorphism. c. They are found on the island of Madagascar. d. They live in multi-male, multi-female groups. • Question 20 1 out of 1 points In the following group, females have stronger bonds with males and with other unrelated females; as a result, they play a more central role in their societies: Selected Answer: c. bonobos. Answers: a. chimpanzees b. mountain gorillas c. bonobos. d. orangutans. • Question 1 0 out of 1 points
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The tool tradition that is associated with Homo erectus is the Selected Answer: a. Oldowan stone tool tradition. Answers: a. Oldowan stone tool tradition. b. Mousterian stone tool tradition. c. Acheulean stone tool tradition. d. Olduvai stone tool tradition. • Question 2 1 out of 1 points The Upper Palaeolithic is characterized by: Selected Answer: d. the appearance of composite tools, such as bows and arrows. Answers: a. domesticated plants and animals. b. the appearance of pottery in sites. c. bone and antler scrapers. d. the appearance of composite tools, such as bows and arrows. • Question 3 1 out of 1 points Compared to gracile australopithecines, the robust australopithecines Selected Answer: a. would have had bony crests along the mid-line of their skull for chewing muscles to attach to. Answers: a. would have had bony crests along the mid-line of their skull for chewing muscles to attach to. b. are adapted for quadrupedalism.
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c. are more likely to have made tools. d. had smaller teeth in larger jaws. • Question 4 1 out of 1 points Which of the following early hominids has the most evidence to suggest that it was bipedal? Selected Answer: a. Ardipithecus ramidus Answers: a. Ardipithecus ramidus b. Kenyapithecus mokobosis c. Orrorin tugenensis d. Sahelanthropus tchadensis • Question 5 0 out of 1 points The Upper Paleolithic cave art found in western Europe is found in three types of locations: Selected Answer: b. in “galleries” near inhabited areas, outside the main opening, and in inner reaches. Answers: a. in inhabited areas, in “galleries” near inhabited areas, and in inner reaches. b. in “galleries” near inhabited areas, outside the main opening, and in inner reaches. c. in inhabited areas, in inner reaches, and outside the main opening. d. in inhabited areas, in “galleries” near inhabited areas, and outside the main opening. • Question 6 1 out of 1 points
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Analysis of DNA extracted from fossils found at Denisova Cave, Siberia, suggests that ________. Selected Answer: a. Denisovans interbred with anatomically modern humans who took some Denisovan DNA with them when they moved into South Asia. Answers: a. Denisovans interbred with anatomically modern humans who took some Denisovan DNA with them when they moved into South Asia. b. Denisovans interbred with Neanderthals and transmitted Neanderthal DNA to modern humans. c. Denisovans replaced Homo erectus populations in Asia d. Denisovans were anatomically modern humans. • Question 7 1 out of 1 points Which of the following hominid characteristics appeared FIRST? Selected Answer: a. bipedalism Answers: a. bipedalism b. tool use c. brain expansion d. facial reduction • Question 8 1 out of 1 points The evidence that best supports the regional continuity model of evolution from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens is ________. Selected Answer: b. the morphological similarity between European Homo erectus and later European Neanderthals, between Homo erectus from Java and later Australian Homo sapiens , and between Chinese Homo erectus and later Chinese Homo sapiens
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Answers: a. the pattern of fluctuating climate and environmental change caused by the repeated advance and retreat of ice sheets b. the morphological similarity between European Homo erectus and later European Neanderthals, between Homo erectus from Java and later Australian Homo sapiens , and between Chinese Homo erectus and later Chinese Homo sapiens c. 800,000-year-old fragments of hominin bones and teeth in the limestone caves of Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain d. DNA analysis that shows extensive gene flow between modern humans and other hominins • Question 9 0 out of 1 points Evidence for culture (including pits; a post hole; care for individuals who were diseased, elderly, and injured; and deliberate burials) has been associated with ________. Selected Answer: b. Homo habilis. Answers: a. Homo erectus b. Homo habilis. c. Australopithecus afarensis d. Neanderthals. • Question 10 1 out of 1 points The fossil skeleton of the individual known as 'Lucy' is significant because: Selected Answer: a. it was undisturbed and 40% intact, including the postcranial skeleton. Answers: a. it was undisturbed and 40% intact, including the postcranial skeleton. b. it was the first fairly complete adult skull.
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c. it is the oldest example of hominin bipedalism. d. it is the only example of Australopithecus afarensis found to date. • Question 11 1 out of 1 points Middle Paleolithic/MSA tools disappear in Africa and southwestern Asia by approximately ________ years ago and in Europe ________ years ago. Selected Answer: a. 40,000; 35,000 Answers: a. 40,000; 35,000 b. 45,000; 45,000 c. 55,000; 60,000 d. 35,000; 48,000 • Question 12 1 out of 1 points The Later Stone Age is the term given to the period: Selected Answer: b. in Africa between 40,000 and 10,000 years ago when blades were very important. Answers: a. of Mousterian stone-tools in Africa, dating to between 200,000 and 40,000 years ago b. in Africa between 40,000 and 10,000 years ago when blades were very important. c. also called the "New Stone Age", which began with the domestication of plants around 10,300 years ago. d. of Oldowan and Acheulean stone tool traditions in Africa. • Question 13 1 out of 1 points Compared to anatomically modern humans, Neanderthals
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Selected Answer: a. made more strenuous use of their bodies based on their muscular bodies. Answers: a. made more strenuous use of their bodies based on their muscular bodies. b. were less likely to have a larger brain. c. had a larger jaw and a prominent chin. d. had smaller browridges. • Question 14 0 out of 1 points Which of the following is NOT an anthropological interpretation of the cut marks found on Neanderthal bones? Selected Answer: d. Some damage to bones may have been caused by carnivores, not Neanderthals. Answers: a. Ritual sacrifice reveals a complex belief system that rested on social inequality. b. Cannibalism occurred as a result of dietary stress. c. Removal of flesh may have been a mortuary practice. d. Some damage to bones may have been caused by carnivores, not Neanderthals. • Question 15 0 out of 1 points The following is NOT characteristic of Homo erectus : Selected Answer: b. Heavy browridge Answers: a. cranial capacity of 500-700 cm cubed. b. Heavy browridge c. Bony protuberance at the rear of the skull called a 'nuchal crest'
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d. Reduction of jawbones and molars relative to early Homo species. • Question 16 1 out of 1 points The ___________ is considered the best-known tool from the Acheulean tradition. Selected Answer: d. biface or "hand ax" Answers: a. scrapper b. chopper c. cleaver d. biface or "hand ax" • Question 17 1 out of 1 points The oldest undisputed stone tools are at least: Selected Answer: b. 3.9 to 3.0 million years old. Answers: a. 2.5 million years old. b. 3.9 to 3.0 million years old. c. 230,000 to 27,000 years old. d. 400,000 years old. • Question 18 1 out of 1 points By what time had modern humans spread to every continent EXCEPT Antarctica: Selected Answer: a. by 12,000 years ago. Answers: a. by 12,000 years ago.
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b. by 15,000 years ago. c. by 18,000 years ago. d. by 20,000 years ago • Question 19 1 out of 1 points Clovis points are associated with the earliest human culture to have existed in: Selected Answer: d. the Americas Answers: a. Polynesia b. Europe c. Latin America d. the Americas • Question 20 1 out of 1 points The first anatomically modern humans to inhabit the Americans are sometimes known as ________. Selected Answer: c. Paleoamericans Answers: a. Paleoindianas b. Paleomexicans c. Paleoamericans d. Paleoarmanians • Question 1 0 out of 1 points Burning off vegetation to encourage the growth of preferred plants that thrive in burned-over landscapes, or to attract wild animals that feed on such plants, is an example of ________.
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Selected Answer: c. domestication Answers: a. sedentism b. niche construction c. domestication d. foraging • Question 2 1 out of 1 points _______________ distinguishes the first complex societies to appear in the archaeological record. Selected Answer: a. Occupational specialization Answers: a. Occupational specialization b. Monumental architechture c. Social stratification d. Surplus production • Question 3 1 out of 1 points ________ refers to the process by which humans living with one another must learn to come to terms with the ways of thinking and feeling considered appropriate in their respective cultures. Selected Answer: a. Enculturation Answers: a. Enculturation b. Discipline c. Socialization
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d. Introspection • Question 4 1 out of 1 points Ethnocentrism can hinder the study of cultures because: Selected Answer: d. all of the above are true. Answers: a. it prevents us from asking critical questions about other cultures. b. it prevents us from asking critical questions about our own culture. c. it prevents us from understanding why other people do things a certain way. d. all of the above are true. • Question 5 1 out of 1 points Humans' exercise of at least some control over their lives is called: Selected Answer: c. human agency. Answers: a. free will. b. habitus. c. human agency. d. historical materialism. • Question 6 1 out of 1 points Domestication occurred independently in seven areas of the world between: Selected Answer: c. 10,000 and 4,000 years ago. Answers: a. 40,000 and 25,000 years ago.
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b. 25,000 and 10,000 years ago. c. 10,000 and 4,000 years ago. d. 4,000 and 2,000 years ago. • Question 7 1 out of 1 points For most of human prehistory, our ancestors: Selected Answer: c. survived by hunting and gathering. Answers: a. lived in stratified societies. b. survived by producing agriculture. c. survived by hunting and gathering. d. subsisted on domestication. • Question 8 1 out of 1 points ________ refers to the practice of controlling the movements of a herd, ensuring its safety, and intervening in the herd's gene pool through selective breeding and culling. Selected Answer: a. Loose herding Answers: a. Loose herding b. Close herding c. Herd following d. Pastoralism • Question 9 1 out of 1 points The letters of an alphabet symbolize the sounds of spoken language as
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Selected Answer: a. the sounds of spoken language symbolize the meanings a speaker tries to express. Answers: a. the sounds of spoken language symbolize the meanings a speaker tries to express. b. Arabic symbolizes Hebrew. c. the meaning a speaker is trying to express symbolizes the sounds of spoken language. d. the meaning a speaker is trying to express symbolizes the sounds of spoken language. • Question 10 1 out of 1 points Skeletal evidence from the Hayonim Cave reveals that this group: Selected Answer: a. mated with members of its own group rather than outsiders. Answers: a. mated with members of its own group rather than outsiders. b. selected mates from a fairly wide geographic region c. had low levels of social stratification d. experienced malnutrition because of their reliance on cultivated grain. • Question 11 1 out of 1 points In early Natufian times, the dead were buried: Selected Answer: d. together in small groups that may have corresponded to subgroups such as extended families. Answers: a. in individual graves b. together with their spouse and young children.
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c. together in large groups that may have corresponded to an entire village. d. together in small groups that may have corresponded to subgroups such as extended families. • Question 12 0 out of 1 points Culture is passed from generation to generation primarily by Selected Answer: c. parents and elders. Answers: a. language. b. formal schooling. c. parents and elders. d. television and media. • Question 13 1 out of 1 points Social stratification refers to: Selected Answer: d. a form of social organization in which people have unequal access to wealth, power, and prestige. Answers: a. a method of data collection in which a researcher lives and works closely with the people whose way of life she or he is studying, while participating in their lives as much as possible/ b. the patterning of human interdependence in a given society through the actions and decisions of its members. c. the process by which humans cope with the behavioural rules established by their respective societies. d.
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a form of social organization in which people have unequal access to wealth, power, and prestige. • Question 14 0 out of 1 points ________ characteristic of Natufian dwellings, leading archaeologists to believe that this/these formed permanent settlements and not just foraging home bases. Selected Answer: b. Monumental architecture Answers: a. A complex network of irrigation canals was b. Monumental architecture c. Food storage cabins that were raised high above the ground were d. Plaster-lined storage pits and walls of stone and mud were • Question 15 1 out of 1 points The term "___________" is used by archaeologists to describe societies that are neither egalitarian nor socially stratified. Selected Answer: b. transegalitarian Answers: a. complex b. transegalitarian c. chiefdom d. Harifan • Question 16 1 out of 1 points Each of the following is a formal category used by anthropologists to classify forms of human society EXCEPT: Selected Answer: d. community
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Answers: a. band b. chiefdom c. state d. community • Question 17 1 out of 1 points Cultural borrowing that produces something new, drawing attention to the positive processes of cultural creativity is known as: Selected Answer: b. cultural hybridity Answers: a. innovation. b. cultural hybridity c. cultural imperialism. d. cosmopolitanism. • Question 18 1 out of 1 points The concept of cultural hybridity is problematic because: Selected Answer: d. All of the above. Answers: a. i t easily turns the experiences of hybridized elites into a hegemonic standard, suggesting that class exploitation and racial oppression are easily overcome or no longer exist. b. it ignores the fact that its effects are experienced differently by those with power and those without power. c. it is based on the notion that it occurs when two or more supposedly "pure" cultures mix, except that cultures have always been hybrid.
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d. All of the above. • Question 19 0 out of 1 points When prehistoric peoples start to domesticate plants and animals, we call this the Selected Answer: c. Mesolithic revolution. Answers: a. Epipalaeolithic revolution. b. Paleolithic revolution. c. Mesolithic revolution. d. Neolithic revolution. • Question 20 0 out of 1 points Maize, goosefoot, marsh elder, sunflowers, and squash were domesticated in: Selected Answer: a. Mesoamerica Answers: a. Mesoamerica b. North America c. Mesopotamia d. South America • Question 1 1 out of 1 points Mastery of adult grammar is known as: Selected Answer: a. linguistic competence. Answers: a. linguistic competence.
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b. communicative competence c. semanticity d. speech prosody. • Question 2 1 out of 1 points When people share goods or services but do not seem to get anything back, this is Selected Answer: b. generalized reciprocity Answers: a. balanced reciprocity. b. generalized reciprocity c. only found in small scale societies (foragers). d. all of the above are true. • Question 3 1 out of 1 points Redistribution Selected Answer: d. is found in all cultures at least at the level of the family. Answers: a. is a form of negative reciprocity that moves goods in a system. b. applies to goods but not to services in agricultural systems. c. only occurs in societies with chiefs and full-time leaders. d. is found in all cultures at least at the level of the family. • Question 4 0 out of 1 points As a general rule, agriculturalists are MOST likely to have
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Selected Answer: b. slash and burn cultivation. Answers: a. permanent urban settlements. b. slash and burn cultivation. c. seminomadic land rights. d. no full-time politicians. • Question 5 0 out of 1 points Compared to horticulturalists, agriculturalists are more likely to suffer food shortages because Selected Answer: a. they cannot produce as much food per acre as the horticulturalists do. Answers: a. they cannot produce as much food per acre as the horticulturalists do. b. they concentrate on drought resistant plants instead of productive ones. c. they concentrate on just one crop, so fluctuations affect the whole yield. d. none of the above; they do not suffer from food shortages. • Question 6 0 out of 1 points How can historical linguists reconstruct languages from the past if they were not written down? Selected Answer: c. They study how modern language has changed over the last 20 years. Answers: a. They study the similarities between human and ape language use. b. They study and compare contemporary languages that are similar. c. They study how modern language has changed over the last 20 years. d.
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They study how children’s speech patterns compare to those of adults. • Question 7 1 out of 1 points The two largest Indigenous language families in Canada are Selected Answer: a. Algonquin languages and Inuit Languages Answers: a. Algonquin languages and Inuit Languages b. Athapaskan Languages and Algonquin Languages c. Siouan Languages and Tsimishian Languages d. Iroquoian Languages and Tlingit • Question 8 1 out of 1 points Language ideology is: Selected Answer: d. a marker of struggles between social groups with different interests, revealed in what people say and how they say it. Answers: a. mastery of adult rules for socially and culturally appropriate speech. b. the study of language in the context of its use to solidify hegemony. c. the study of language use that relies on ethnography to illuminate the ways in which speech is both constituted by and constitutive of social interaction. d. a marker of struggles between social groups with different interests, revealed in what people say and how they say it. • Question 9 0 out of 1 points Word-for-word translations (such as the nonsensical French phrase "Je suis plein" for "I am full") reveal that:
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Selected Answer: b. certain ideas that can be easily expressed in one language cannot be easily expressed in another. Answers: a. any language's set of phonemes can be used to create a very large number of correctly formed morphemes. b. certain ideas that can be easily expressed in one language cannot be easily expressed in another. c. competent adult speakers exhibit mastery of grammar even when they are not familiar with its explicit rules d. linguistic competence includes not just vocabulary and grammar, but also assumptions about how to speak • Question 10 0 out of 1 points How many morphemes are there in the word ‘treehouses’? Selected Answer: c. two Answers: a. none b. one c. two d. three • Question 11 1 out of 1 points _______________ is NOT one of Charles Hockett's design features of language. Selected Answer: c. Communicative competence. Answers: a. Openness b.
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Displacement c. Communicative competence. d. Arbitrariness • Question 12 1 out of 1 points ____________ refers to the use of material goods necessary for human survival. Selected Answer: c. Consumption Answers: a. Ecology b. Distribution c. Consumption d. Production • Question 13 0 out of 1 points Compared to food collectors, horticulturalists Selected Answer: d. are far less likely to have damaging food shortages. Answers: a. have a more concentrated but smaller population. b. are more likely to have part-time political leaders. c. have fewer differences in prestige between people. d. are far less likely to have damaging food shortages. • Question 14 1 out of 1 points As a general rule, horticulturalists are MOST likely to have
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Selected Answer: d. shifting cultivation. Answers: a. permanent urban settlements. b. semi-nomadic land rights. c. no full-time politicians. d. shifting cultivation. • Question 15 1 out of 1 points Annette Weiner's research in the Trobriand Islands in the 1970s found that ________. Selected Answer: a. women participated in an important local tradition of production and exchange that Bronislaw Malinowski had overlooked Answers: a. women participated in an important local tradition of production and exchange that Bronislaw Malinowski had overlooked b. women's wealth was involved in transactions that occur when there is a birth or marriage in the community c. women are not important actors in the local economy d. women cultivate yams, which are an important local food, thereby contributing about 70 per cent of the calories that are consumed in the society • Question 16 1 out of 1 points Which of the following statements about nonverbal communication is true? Selected Answer: d. all of the above Answers: a. People can communicate sadness through tone of voice, demeanor, or facial expression.
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b. People communicate even in the absence of sound or body movements, through silence. c. Some nonverbal communication seems to be found in all humans, like facial expressions. d. all of the above • Question 17 1 out of 1 points The Dobe Ju/'hoansi people of southern Africa, whom Richard Lee lived among in the 1960s, ________. Selected Answer: c. had returned to full-time foraging after economic ties with neighbouring herders became too onerous Answers: a. were described by Lee as living the most miserable of existences, spending all their waking hours in a quest for food that yielded barely enough to keep them alive b. were no longer able to forage full-time and were making difficult adjustments to their new mode of subsistence c. had returned to full-time foraging after economic ties with neighbouring herders became too onerous d. consumed about 70 per cent of their calories from meat and the remaining 30 per cent from a wide variety of plants • Question 18 1 out of 1 points The cultures of the Northwest Coast in Canada Selected Answer: a. were atypical food collectors. Answers: a. were atypical food collectors. b. had no social differentiation.
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c. developed a type of metallurgy. d. had very low populations. • Question 19 0 out of 1 points Groups that are food collectors are most likely to eat Selected Answer: c. domesticated plants and wild animals. Answers: a. wild plants and wild animals. b. wild animals and domesticated plants. c. domesticated plants and wild animals. d. wild and domesticated plants and animals. • Question 20 0 out of 1 points The following statement best illustrates the assertion that non-human primate call systems are said to be closed when compared to open human languages: Selected Answer: a. Links between the sounds of calls and their meanings appear fixed from one non-human primate population to another. Answers: a. Links between the sounds of calls and their meanings appear fixed from one non-human primate population to another. b. Non-human primates cannot emit a signal that has some features of one call and some of another. c. Non-human primates cannot use their call systems to discuss events that happened in the past d. is the computer program that finally made the ape language breakthrough. • Question 1 1 out of 1 points
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________ is the notion that institutional forms of oppression organized in terms of race, class, and gender are interconnected and shape the opportunities and constraints available to individuals in any society. Selected Answer: b. Intersectionality Answers: a. Composite masculinity b. Intersectionality c. Postcolonialism d. Transformationality • Question 2 1 out of 1 points The literal meaning of the term machismo is: Selected Answer: a. maleness Answers: a. maleness b. femaleness c. ethnicity d. mixed-race • Question 3 0 out of 1 points In terms of purity and pollution, the following acitivity is the least polluting for the Hindu-ranking of jatis: Selected Answer: d. washing dirty clothes Answers: a. a vegetarian diet b. eating sheep and goats c.
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butchering animals d. washing dirty clothes • Question 4 1 out of 1 points Cultural anthropologists use the term(s) _________________ to specifically refer to the physical characteristics that distinguish males from females. Selected Answer: d. sex Answers: a. gender b. man or woman c. masculine or feminine d. sex • Question 5 0 out of 1 points The domination of men over women and children is called: Selected Answer: d. sexism. Answers: a. matriarchy. b. public/private divide. c. patriarchy d. sexism. • Question 6 0 out of 1 points FGM/FGC Selected Answer: c. is the female equivalent of male circumcision, with the same results and procedures.
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Answers: a. is classified on how old the females are, and where it is practiced geographically. b. is a religious-based custom most often seen in Muslim societies of the Middle East. c. is the female equivalent of male circumcision, with the same results and procedures. d. is classified based on how much tissue is removed, and if infibulation occurs. • Question 7 1 out of 1 points In FGM/FGC, when a portion of or all of the external genitalia is removed and infibulation occurs, this is Type Selected Answer: c. III Answers: a. I b. II c. III d. IV • Question 8 1 out of 1 points According to the text, one outcome of the struggle for ethnic groups to define themselves is: Selected Answer: a. the appearance of new ethnic groups that do not correspond with earlier cultural groups. Answers: a. the appearance of new ethnic groups that do not correspond with earlier cultural groups. b. constant ethnic warfare, as ruling elites set one ethnic group against another. c. the development of political movements that are based on ethnic memebership.
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d. the transformation of ethnic groups into races. • Question 9 0 out of 1 points A principle of social classification that creates groups on the basis of a set of distinctive cultural criteria that people in the group are believed to share is referred to as: Selected Answer: a. caste Answers: a. caste b. class c. ethnicity d. race • Question 10 1 out of 1 points What is heteronormativity? Selected Answer: a. the view that heterosexual intercourse is or should be the 'normal' form of human sexual expression. Answers: a. the view that heterosexual intercourse is or should be the 'normal' form of human sexual expression. b. sexual relations involving individuals of different sexualities. c. a form of sexual bias against all those who are not heterosexual. d. sexual relations between two males and two females. • Question 11 1 out of 1 points The practice of dressing and taking on mannerisms associated with a gender other than one's own is called: Selected Answer: b.
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transvestism Answers: a. gender performativity b. transvestism c. third gender. d. transgender. • Question 12 1 out of 1 points At the end of the twentieth century, relations between low-caste and high-caste Hindus were characterized as: Selected Answer: b. conflictual. Answers: a. competitive. b. conflictual. c. cooperative. d. egalitarian. • Question 13 0 out of 1 points Traditionally, the difference between classes and castes is that: Selected Answer: a. classes are achieved, whereas castes are ascribed. Answers: a. classes are achieved, whereas castes are ascribed. b. classes are independent, whereas castes are interdependent. c. classes are contemporary, whereas castes are historic. d. classes are open, whereas castes are closed.
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• Question 14 1 out of 1 points A system of social identities negotiated situationally along a continuum between white and black is called: Selected Answer: b. colourism. Answers: a. racism. b. colourism. c. social races. d. castification. • Question 15 1 out of 1 points Indigenous Nicaraguans are sometimes referred to as: Selected Answer: c. Mestizos Answers: a. Blanco b. INdios c. Mestizos d. Moreno • Question 16 1 out of 1 points The social category of race: Selected Answer: a. has real consequences, even if it has no reality in biology. Answers: a. has real consequences, even if it has no reality in biology. b. is based on measurable differences among biological groups.
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c. is less relevant in people's lives than is the biological category of race. d. is based on achieved rather than ascribed statuses. • Question 17 0 out of 1 points The human population category whose boundaries allegedly correspond to distinct sets of biological attributes is: Selected Answer: c. ethnic group. Answers: a. achieved group. b. class. c. ethnic group. d. race. • Question 18 0 out of 1 points What is one of the biggest problems with attempts to categorize races based on skin colour? Selected Answer: b. genetic variation Answers: a. amount of melanin b. genetic variation c. genotypes vary d. clinal variation • Question 19 1 out of 1 points Ethnic groups: Selected Answer: b. can be defined differently by the people inside the group and those outside it.
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Answers: a. can be defined in a variety of ways, but are essentially the same things as races. b. can be defined differently by the people inside the group and those outside it. c. are primarily defined by religion and skin colour, the two most obvious traits. d. tend to be less politically active and are thus more stable and safer than races. • Question 20 0 out of 1 points According to the “AAA Statement on Race,” the idea of race has always: Selected Answer: c. carried more meanings than cultural differences. Answers: a. been purely a description of human physical variation. b. carried more meanings than physical differences. c. carried more meanings than cultural differences. d. been purely a description of cultural variation. • Question 1 1 out of 1 points During the glacial time, between 35,000 and 20,000 years ago, a land bridge known as ________ connected eastern Siberia to Alaska. Selected Answer: the Bering land bridge Answers: the Bering land bridge the Northern land bridge the Western land bridge the Euroasian land bridge • Question 2 1 out of 1 points Analysis of DNA extracted from fossils found at Denisova Cave, Siberia, suggests that ________.
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Selected Answer: Denisovans interbred with anatomically modern humans who took some Denisovan DNA with them when they moved into South Asia Answers: Denisovans interbred with anatomically modern humans who took some Denisovan DNA with them when they moved into South Asia Denisovans interbred with Neanderthals and transmitted Neanderthal DNA to modern humans Denisovans replaced Homo erectus populations in Asia Denisovans were anatomically modern humans • Question 3 1 out of 1 points Persuasive evidence of cannibalism in association with Neanderthals has been reported from the 100,000 year old site in ________. Selected Answer: France Answers: Germany Britain Siberia France • Question 4 0 out of 1 points ________ are thought to be the oldest evidence of art. Selected Answer: Blade tools Answers: Blade tools Ostrich-eggshell beads Cave paintings Human figurines • Question 5 1 out of 1 points
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Acclimatization refers to ________. Selected Answer: the way the body functions in response to physical stress Answers: the mutual shaping of organisms and their environments the way the body functions in response to physical stress mathematical formulas that predict outcomes of human interactions an analysis of the origin and significance of culture in human evolution • Question 6 1 out of 1 points When African American and European American students of the same class and educational background are given IQ tests, their average scores are similar. This suggests that ________. Selected Answer: IQ scores are not phenotypic traits uniquely determined by genes Answers: IQ scores are independent of environmental factors IQ scores are not phenotypic traits uniquely determined by genes IQ scores are determined by multiple genes IQ scores do not reflect educational background and class • Question 7 1 out of 1 points Alleles that come in a range of different forms are called ________. Selected Answer: polymorphous Answers: phylogenetic polymorphous cline macroevolutionary • Question 8
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1 out of 1 points The gene flow refers to the ________. Selected Answer: exchange of genes that occurs when a given population experiences a sudden expansion due to in-migration of outsiders from another population Answers: flexibility that allows organisms to respond to environmental stresses exchange of genes that occurs when a given population experiences a sudden expansion due to in-migration of outsiders from another population random changes in gene frequencies from one generation to the next due to a sudden reduction in population size change in the way the body functions as a result of stress • Question 9 1 out of 1 points The biological species concept refers to ________. Selected Answer: a reproductive community of populations that are reproductively isolated from others and occupy a specific niche in nature Answers: a reproductive community of populations that are reproductively isolated from others and occupy a specific niche in nature the idea that all living organisms have evolved from a single ancestor the idea that species can change over relatively few generations of ecological time the sum total of all genetic information about an organism • Question 10 1 out of 1 points According to the text, culture consists of ________. Selected Answer: sets of learned behaviours and ideas that humans acquire as members of society
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Answers: elements of human experience that require education and good taste, such as fine art, classical music, and literature sets of innate behaviours that enable humans to function in a complex world those practices that distinguish one group of humans from another sets of learned behaviours and ideas that humans acquire as members of society • Question 11 1 out of 1 points Gender, kinship, religion, sexuality, migration, political or economic systems of contemporary human society are scopes of ________. Selected Answer: cultural anthropological studies Answers: cultural anthropological studies biological anthropological studies archaeological studies ethnological studies • Question 12 1 out of 1 points In the textbook, "anthropology" is defined as the study of ________. Selected Answer: human nature, human society, human language, and the human past Answers: human nature, human society, human language, and the human past the remains of earlier societies and peoples the ways of life of contemporary peoples the physical and mental capacities of human beings • Question 13 0 out of 1 points The textbook defines "holism" as ________.
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Selected Answer: trying to study everything possible about a group of people. Answers: trying to study everything possible about a group of people. integrating what is known about human beings and their activities. studying human biology and culture at the same time. fitting together economics, political science, religious studies, and biology • Question 14 1 out of 1 points Social stratification refers to ________. Selected Answer: a form of social organization in which people have unequal access to wealth, power, and prestige Answers: a method of data collection in which a researcher lives and works closely with the people whose way of life she or he is studying, while participating in their lives as much as possible the patterning of human interdependence in a given society through the actions and decisions of its members the process by which humans cope with the behavioural rules established by their respective societies a form of social organization in which people have unequal access to wealth, power, and prestige • Question 15 1 out of 1 points Maize, goosefoot, marsh elder, sunflowers, and squash were domesticated in ________. Selected Answer: North America Answers: Mesoamerica North America Mesopotamia
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South America • Question 16 1 out of 1 points The term "________" is used by archaeologists to describe societies that are neither egalitarian nor socially stratified. Selected Answer: transegalitarian Answers: complex transegalitarian chiefdom Harifan • Question 17 1 out of 1 points The shift to a diet based on a wider spectrum of foraged foods is thought to have led to ________. Selected Answer: the emergence of sedentary communities and population growth Answers: a decline in sedentary communities and expanded migratory range increased conflict between sedentary communities over the control of food sources the emergence of sedentary communities and population growth the emergence of specialized roles within sedentary communities, such as blacksmithing • Question 18 1 out of 1 points For most of human prehistory, our ancestors ________. Selected Answer: survived by hunting and gathering Answers: lived in a socially stratified society survived by producing agriculture
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survived by hunting and gathering subsisted on domestication • Question 19 1 out of 1 points ________ refers to the process by which humans living with one another must learn to come to terms with the ways of thinking and feeling considered appropriate in their respective cultures. Selected Answer: Enculturation Answers: Socialization Discipline Enculturation Introspection • Question 20 1 out of 1 points ________ is the term anthropologists use to describe the opinion that one's own way of life is natural or correct. Selected Answer: Ethnocentrism Answers: Prejudice Culture shock Racism Ethnocentrism • Question 21 1 out of 1 points Culture is ________. Selected Answer: all of the other answers Answers: learned
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shared symbolic all of the other answers • Question 22 1 out of 1 points Currently, female genital cutting is ________. Selected Answer: illegal in 18 African states and 12 industrialized countries, including Canada and the United States Answers: illegal throughout Africa and in most industrialized countries legal in much of Africa but illegal in most industrialized countries, including Canada and the United States protected by the United Nations as a cultural practice illegal in 18 African states and 12 industrialized countries, including Canada and the United States • Question 23 0 out of 1 points Pandas used their wrists intensively to obtain enough bamboo leaves to survive, causing their wrist bones to lengthen, a trait they passed on to their offspring. This example illustrates the theory of ________. Selected Answer: variational evolution Answers: transformational evolution exaptation natural selection variational evolution • Question 24 1 out of 1 points Drawing on the work of Thomas Malthus, Darwin theorized that the population of a species was limited in size by ________.
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Selected Answer: available resources Answers: transformational evolution available resources superior fitness heredity • Question 25 1 out of 1 points The pre-Darwinian belief that each "natural kind" of living thing is characterized by an unchanging, perfect core of features that separates it from all other living things is known as: Selected Answer: essentialism Answers: essentialism the Great Chain of Being catastrophism uniformitarianism • Question 26 0 out of 1 points A genome is ________. Selected Answer: the genetic information about particular biological traits encoded in an organism's DNA Answers: the sum of all the genetic material in the cell the genetic information about particular biological traits encoded in an organism's DNA the observable, measurable, overt characteristics of an organism the molecular structure of a gene • Question 27
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1 out of 1 points In biology, ________ refers to a classification system used to organize various kinds of organisms. Selected Answer: taxonomy Answers: species genus taxonomy hierarchal organisms • Question 28 1 out of 1 points ________ study hominin skeletal fossils from the distant past. Selected Answer: Paleoanthropologists Answers: Paleoanthropologists Archaeologists Taxonomists Paleoarchaeologists • Question 29 1 out of 1 points ________ would NOT be studied by an archaeologist. Selected Answer: Genetic material Answers: Metalwork Genetic material Irrigation canals Ancient cities • Question 30 1 out of 1 points
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Cultural resource management (CRM) refers to ________. Selected Answer: the archaeological specialty whose practitioners record, evaluate, and protect or, if necessary, salvage cultural resources Answers: federal regulations that outline conditions under which research involving Indigenous or Aboriginal peoples and their culture may be undertaken the ways in which ethnic and cultural communities ensure that their languages and traditions are maintained for future generations the archaeological specialty whose practitioners record, evaluate, and protect or, if necessary, salvage cultural resources the destruction of the human past as a consequence of land development, agriculture, and looting • Question 31 1 out of 1 points The events following the discovery of the Kwädąy Dän Ts’ìinchį remains demonstrate that ________. Selected Answer: interactions between researchers and Champagne and Aishihik First Nations can be highly productive and able to meet the needs of First Nations peoples Answers: remains are often obtained unethically, through grave robbing and even murder federal and provincial governments have different and often conflicting views on the role of researchers the rapid development of the oil and gas industry has exponentially increased the number and significance of archaeological investigations interactions between researchers and Champagne and Aishihik First Nations can be highly productive and able to meet the needs of First Nations peoples • Question 32 1 out of 1 points According to ethnographic research, ________ was most important to the survival of foraging peoples. Selected Answer:
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plant food gathered by women Answers: meat hunted by men plant food gathered by women plant foods cultivated in small gardens dairy and eggs produced by trading partners • Question 33 0 out of 1 points Bipedalism refers to ________. Selected Answer: walking primarily on two feet with the use of forelimbs for balance Answers: walking primarily on two feet with the use of forelimbs for balance walking on two feet instead of four swinging from arms, as in arboreal locomotion walking with the heel on the ground • Question 34 1 out of 1 points The following list correctly reflects cranial capacity among hominins, from smallest to largest: ________. Selected Answer: Ardipithecus ramidus , Australopithecus afarensis , Homo habilis , Homo sapiens Answers: Australopithecus afarensis , Ardipithecus ramidus , Homo habilis , Homo sapiens Homo ramidus , Homo afarensis , Homo sapiens , Homo habilis Ardipithecus ramidus , Australopithecus afarensis , Homo habilis , Homo sapiens Ardipithecus ramidus , Australopithecus afarensis , Homo sapiens , Homo habilis • Question 35
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0 out of 1 points Most early hominin fossils that show skeletal evidence of bipedalism have been placed in the genus ________. Selected Answer: Ardipithecus Answers: Ardipithecus Sahelanthropus Homo Australopithecus • Question 36 1 out of 1 points Which Homo species was the first to migrate out of Africa? Selected Answer: Homo erectus Answers: Homo habilis Homo neanderthalensis Homo sapiens Homo erectus • Question 37 1 out of 1 points Taxon refers to ________. Selected Answer: a species or group of related species at any level of a taxonomic hierarchy Answers: a classification system used to organize various kinds of organisms a species or group of related species at any level of a taxonomic hierarchy
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the study of the various processes that objects undergo in the course of becoming part of the fossil and archaeological records a relative dating method that relies on the depth of strata and associated artifacts and fossils • Question 38 1 out of 1 points The "grandmother hypothesis" suggests that ________. Selected Answer: those who focused on the longevity of a few offspring were more reproductively successful than those who aimed to have as many offspring as possible Answers: those who had as many offspring as possible were more reproductively successful than those who had fewer those who had offspring later in life were more reproductively successful than those who had offspring earlier in life those who focused on the longevity of a few offspring were more reproductively successful than those who aimed to have as many offspring as possible female relatives contribute more to the well-being of offspring than do male relatives • Question 39 1 out of 1 points The similarity between human and chimpanzee DNA is about ________. Selected Answer: 99 percent Answers: 60 percent 90 percent 99 percent 75 percent • Question 40 1 out of 1 points The suborders of primates are ________.
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Selected Answer: strepsirrhines and haplorhines Answers: New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, and apes and humans New World monkeys and Old World monkeys strepsirrhines and haplorhines Old World monkeys, apes and humans • Question 41 1 out of 1 points Living cells reproduce by undergoing two kinds of division: mitosis and meiosis. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False • Question 42 0 out of 1 points All living and extinct primates have dermal ridges (fingerprints). Selected Answer: False Answers: True False • Question 43 1 out of 1 points In archaeology, context refers to non-portable items created by humans, such as houses or ditches. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False • Question 44 1 out of 1 points Complex foragers live in areas of abundant resources that may appear inexhaustible. Selected Answer: True
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Answers: True False • Question 45 1 out of 1 points It is hypothesized that the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees probably had dark skin covered with dark hair. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False • Question 46 1 out of 1 points Neanderthals get their name from the Neander Tal ("Neander Valley") in Germany, where a fossil skullcap and some postcranial bones were discovered in 1856. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False • Question 47 1 out of 1 points Humans see the world in symbolic categories. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False • Question 48 0 out of 1 points The skeleton of Au. afarensis more closely resembles that of modern human beings than that of apes. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False • Question 49 1 out of 1 points
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Primatology is the study of humans and other primates. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False • Question 50 1 out of 1 points Flake tools that have been retouched to make scrapers and points are characteristic of ________ tool assemblages. Selected Answer: Mousterian Answers: Mousterian Oldowan Acheulean Late Stone Age • Question 1 1 out of 1 points _________________ focuses most closely on social power in human society. Selected Answer: d. Political anthropology Answers: a. Biological anthropology b. Participant observation c. Economic anthropology d. Political anthropology • Question 2 0 out of 1 points One of the impacts of a unilineal system is that:
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Selected Answer: c. lineages become more powerful than bilateral kin groups. Answers: a. some very close relatives are excluded from one’s kin group. b. no one can trace who there kin are c. lineages become more powerful than bilateral kin groups. d. lineages become less powerful than bilateral kin groups. • Question 3 0 out of 1 points In terms of kinship, which of the following statements is correct? Selected Answer: a. Societies typically only use one type of descent system at a time. Answers: a. Societies typically only use one type of descent system at a time. b. Patrilineages are the least common system of descent world-wide. c. In matrilineages, females rarely exercise authority in their kin groups. d. In any lineage, maternal uncles have a special role in children’s lives. • Question 4 0 out of 1 points Unilineal descent groups function to: Selected Answer: d. give people flexibility in identifying which relatives are important. Answers: a. create a large, ambiguous kin unit for wide social ties. b. generally control who one marries (they are normally exogamous). c. create a political hierarchy to identify which caste you are in. d. give people flexibility in identifying which relatives are important.
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• Question 5 0 out of 1 points In which of the following descent systems is an individual descended through men OR women, often resulting in descent groups that overlap? Selected Answer: d. bilateral descent Answers: a. ambilineal descent b. patrilineal descent c. matrilineal descent d. bilateral descent • Question 6 1 out of 1 points An ideal political unit in which national identity and political territory coincide is known as: Selected Answer: b. nation-state. Answers: a. nationality. b. nation-state. c. transnational culture d. stratified society. • Question 7 0 out of 1 points When a man marries more than one woman at a time, Selected Answer: d. he keeps the unrelated or sister co-wives separated in their own homes to avoid conflict. Answers: a. the man is likely to be wealthy, or he may be attempting to become wealthy. b.
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this is permitted in most societies, and most men choose to become polygynous. c. we can predict that he belongs to a food collecting society where women gather plants. d. he keeps the unrelated or sister co-wives separated in their own homes to avoid conflict. • Question 8 1 out of 1 points In patrilineal society, members of a patrilineage include: Selected Answer: d. all those who trace descent to a common male ancestor. Answers: a. a male and his brothers. b. a woman and her sisters. c. all those who trace descent to a common female ancestor. d. all those who trace descent to a common male ancestor. • Question 9 1 out of 1 points The following statement is NOT true: Selected Answer: d. Descent group membership may control how people mobilize for political action. Answers: a. Bilateral kindred is a common kind of descent group. b. Kinship practices clarify what rights and obligations people have. c. Descent groups are social categories that are defined through culturally recognized marriages. d. Descent group membership may control how people mobilize for political action. • Question 10 0 out of 1 points
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In which form of marital residence do both children leave home, but the son and his wife then settle near his mother’s brother? Selected Answer: d. none of the above; this does not occur Answers: a. neolocal b. matrilocal c. avunculocal d. none of the above; this does not occur • Question 11 1 out of 1 points The freedom of self-contained individuals to pursue their own interests above everything else and to challenge one another for domination is known as: Selected Answer: b. free agency. Answers: a. hegemony. b. free agency. c. domination d. biopower • Question 12 1 out of 1 points The reshaping of local conditions by powerful worldwide forces on an ever-intensifying scale is known as: Selected Answer: b. globalization. Answers: a. development. b. globalization.
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c. modernization. d. neoliberalism. • Question 13 1 out of 1 points Descent is defined as: Selected Answer: a. the principle based on culturally recognized parent-child connections that define the social categories to which people belong. Answers: a. the principle based on culturally recognized parent-child connections that define the social categories to which people belong. b. the principle based on biological parent-child connections that define the social categories to which people belong. c. the principle based on biological parent-child connections that define the social categories to which people belong. d. the principle based on biological parent-child connections that define the social categories to which people belong. • Question 14 1 out of 1 points A culture with an avunculocal residence pattern is most likely to be one in which: Selected Answer: b. matrilineal descent. Answers: a. patrilineal descent. b. matrilineal descent. c. bilateral descent. d. avunculocal descent. • Question 15 1 out of 1 points
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In a society in which a woman is required to marry a man from her own village, this would be a(n) Selected Answer: b. endogamous marriage. Answers: a. intragamous marriage. b. endogamous marriage. c. incestuous marriage. d. enforced marriage. • Question 16 0 out of 1 points The state is responsible for: Selected Answer: d. establishing marriage patterns. Answers: a. tax collection. b. leading religious rituals. c. distributing wealth to people. d. establishing marriage patterns. • Question 17 0 out of 1 points Groups that are likely to rely on agriculture, have multilocal groups that are comprised of entire language groups, and have cities and markets are: Selected Answer: a. tribes and chiefdoms. Answers: a. tribes and chiefdoms. b. chiefdoms. c.
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chiefdoms and states. d. states. • Question 18 0 out of 1 points Which of the following groups might support itself through intensive agriculture? Selected Answer: b. tribes and chiefdoms. Answers: a. bands and chiefdoms. b. tribes and chiefdoms. c. tribes and states. d. chiefdoms and states. • Question 19 1 out of 1 points The following best describes how Germany has attempted to come to terms with increasing numbers of Muslim immigrants in the historically Christian state: Selected Answer: c. Elementary schools teach all students about different religious traditions, including Islam, in ways that emphasize the possibility of harmonizing one's religious faith with one's obligations as a citizen . Answers: a. Immigrants are promised all the rights and privileges of native-born citizens as long as they adopt German culture completely, dropping other ethnic or cultural attachments and assimilating the German language and character. b. The state funds minority religious schools, including Catholic schools for German Catholics and Muslim schools for the Muslim immigrants. c. Elementary schools teach all students about different religious traditions, including Islam, in ways that emphasize the possibility of harmonizing one's religious faith with one's obligations as a citizen . d.
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Immigrants are expected to be loyal and law-abiding citizens, but are not expected to "become German;" private cultivation of cultural differences is tolerated as long as they do not threaten the German way of life. • Question 20 0 out of 1 points In anthropology, marriage Selected Answer: d. all of the above. Answers: a. is always between males and females. b. is assumed to be impermanent in most cases. c. requires the involvement and support from the wider social group. d. all of the above. • Question 1 1 out of 1 points Play, art, myth, and religion have the following characteristic in common with language: Selected Answer: d. openness Answers: a. closeness. b. displacement c. duality of patterning d. openness • Question 2 1 out of 1 points Evidence from a variety of sites suggests that early human children: Selected Answer: d. learned how to make their own artifacts using flint knapping and potting techniques.
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Answers: a. cannot be singled out in he archaeological record b. had a very short period of dependence on adults c. had little opportunity to play. d. learned how to make their own artifacts using flint knapping and potting techniques. • Question 3 1 out of 1 points Which type of religious practitioner is likely to be a full-time male ritual specialist? Selected Answer: d. priest Answers: a. shaman b. sorcerer c. witch d. priest • Question 4 1 out of 1 points Which of the following statements about shamans is correct? Selected Answer: b. They must often repeatedly enter altered states of conciousness which can lead to long-lasting effects on the shamans themselves. Answers: a. They are “witch doctors” who take money from patients and give them false cures. b. They must often repeatedly enter altered states of conciousness which can lead to long-lasting effects on the shamans themselves. c. They are only found in foraging societies, since there are no other authorities to go to. d.
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They are invisible forces that address and respond to people's questions. • Question 5 1 out of 1 points Which of the following statements about priests is correct? Selected Answer: a. They are usually found in hierarchical societies. Answers: a. They are usually found in hierarchical societies. b. They lose their positions when they perform rituals and the gods do not respond. c. They are supported by the communities through direct gifts from other people. d. They are often called to their role in much the same ways as shamans are. • Question 6 0 out of 1 points Witchcraft accusations among the Azande, described by E.E. Evans-Pritchard, were made against: Selected Answer: b. individuals who had broken taboos. Answers: a. Europeans and others employed by the colonial administration. b. individuals who had broken taboos. c. neighbours who were suspected of ill will toward the victim or their family. d. strangers who had recently arrived in the community and whose pasts were unknown. • Question 7 0 out of 1 points Rituals in which people begin as one kind of person and have been transformed into a different kind of person by the time the ritual is over are called: Selected Answer: d. transitions Answers: a. transitional rites.
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b. rights of passage. c. rites of passage. d. transitions • Question 8 1 out of 1 points ________ is best suited to explain the characteristics of weddings, Jewish bar mitzvahs, Hmong sacrifices to the ancestors, and the Catholic Mass. Selected Answer: d. Ritual Answers: a. Language b. Religion c. Rite of passage d. Ritual • Question 9 1 out of 1 points A(n) ___________________ is a part-time religious practitioner who is believed to have power to contact supernatural forces directly on behalf of individuals or groups. Selected Answer: d. shaman Answers: a. magician b. oracle c. priest d. shaman • Question 10 0 out of 1 points When a person undertakes actions to compel the supernatural to do what he or she wants, this is the performance of
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Selected Answer: c. magic. Answers: a. divination. b. witchcraft. c. magic. d. ritual. • Question 11 1 out of 1 points Why is studying anthropology important? Selected Answer: d. all of the above. Answers: a. It expands one's world view. b. It helps us understand our species, Homo sapiens. c. It limits ethnocentrism when we look at cultural practices different than our own. d. all of the above. • Question 12 1 out of 1 points A polytheistic religion has: Selected Answer: c. a number of supernatural gods, who are ranked from supreme to inferior. Answers: a. a number of supernatural beings, who are ranked from supreme to inferior. b. a number of supernatural beings, none of which is supreme over others. c. a number of supernatural gods, who are ranked from supreme to inferior. d.
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a number of supernatural gods, none of which is supreme over others. • Question 13 1 out of 1 points In general, what do religious beliefs reflect? Selected Answer: d. political and social realities of a society Answers: a. subsistence patterns in the society b. gender roles available in the society c. how politically stratified a society is d. political and social realities of a society • Question 14 1 out of 1 points Monotheistic religions: Selected Answer: d. recognize the creator god as the supreme being or god. Answers: a. only have one supernatural being in the supernatural world. b. cannot include Christianity, since it has God and the Devil. c. are the least stable form of religious belief in the world. d. recognize the creator god as the supreme being or god. • Question 15 1 out of 1 points Neanderthal children likely: Selected Answer: a. were less dependent on adults than early Homo sapiens children Answers: a.
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were less dependent on adults than early Homo sapiens children b. matured more slowly than early Homo sapiens children. c. learned adult roles through fantasy games, similar to contemporary children. d. experimented with different aspects of their world, including testing out artifacts. • Question 16 0 out of 1 points Activities defined as "art" differ from free play because: Selected Answer: d. they have a symbolic dimension. Answers: a. they are circumscribed by rules. b. they are intended for market exchange. c. they are carried out by people with some degree of specialized training. d. they have a symbolic dimension. • Question 17 0 out of 1 points "Art by intention" includes: Selected Answer: d. objects that were not intended to be "art" by their makers. Answers: a. objects that were found and exhibited. b. objects that were made for religious purposes. c. objects that were made to be art. d. objects that were not intended to be "art" by their makers. • Question 18 0 out of 1 points In the Trobriand myth used to explain and justify clan ranking,:
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Selected Answer: c. higher-ranked clans descended from proper sexual relations, while lower-ranked clans descended from improper sexual relations. Answers: a. clans could not move up or down in status. b. higher-ranked clans emerged from the earth before lower-ranked clans. c. higher-ranked clans descended from proper sexual relations, while lower-ranked clans descended from improper sexual relations. d. higher-ranked clans lived off food from the land, while lower-ranked clans lived off food from the sea. • Question 19 0 out of 1 points Frequently, the official myth-tellers are: Selected Answer: a. the marginal groups in society. Answers: a. the marginal groups in society. b. mothers and fathers. c. the ruling groups in society. d. writers and painters. • Question 20 0 out of 1 points Anthropologists understand myths to be: Selected Answer: a. flawed attempts to explain the origin of the world that are not believed today, but reflect the development of human knowledge over time. Answers: a. flawed attempts to explain the origin of the world that are not believed today, but reflect the development of human knowledge over time. b.
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stories that recount how various aspects of the world came to be the way they are. c. stories that are false. d. the oral storytelling tradition of non-Western societies.
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