Short answers (MOODLE)

docx

School

University of Manitoba *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

1000

Subject

Anthropology

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by BailiffStraw15078

1. Define "Linguistics" as a subdiscipline of anthropology, and name and describe its 3 sub-fields Linguistics anthropology is exploring human communication systems, including language which could be verbal, signed, written, and the interesting relationship linking language and culture. There are 3 sub-fields:  Historical linguistics- traces the origin of people based on commonalities in languages.  Structural linguistics- the study of the smallest units in language, including sounds, words, sentences, and symbols.  Sociolinguistics- the study of discourse, or language in use in conversation. 2.Name and define the 3 major areas of interest in the study of demography. Demography is defined as the study of population dynamics fertility, mortality, and migration, often expressed as statistical rates of increase, decrease or change. :- Fertility - or rate of production is defined as births of population increases through reproduction. mortality - is the rate of population decline in a general form due to old age or of particular causes. Migration - is the rate of movement of people from one place to another or from one country to another.

3.Name and describe the 3 primary methods used by cultural anthropologists in the field. participant observation: - Living, working and playing with the people of a study in the area of which they reside. Interviews: - In-person structured conversation or discussion involving the anthropologist and consultant. observe and take notes and ask open-ended and close-ended question. Surveys and questionnaires: - These produce a type of quantitative data. A survey is the measure of opinions or experiences of a group of people through the asking of questions. While a questionnaire is a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study. 4. Define "foraging" as a mode of production, including a description of earliest date of practice, unit of production, division of labour, labour-relations, land- use and strategies, and degree of sustainability.  Foraging is the searching for and collecting of food readily available in nature, either by gathering, fishing, or hunting. It was practiced at least 300-100 thousand years ago by homo sapiens. It consists of small-scale producers containing 20-50 people per unit of production. They are migratory, which means they migrate seasonally. Labour is shared with very little occupational specialization, all genders and ages of people participate in the production, Various families of hunters and gatherers would band together to share knowledge, exchange information about certain plants and animals. Sharing is a primary principle of the foraging society. The Foragers require a larger scale of land to make use of because they only take a little bit from each area so that the land can replenish itself to re-grow from one season to the next. They use an Extensive Land-Use strategy. No private property and Use-Rights made between foraging groups. This form of production is a highly sustainable and ecologically sensible economy.

5.Define "entitlement," and then compare "direct" and "indirect" forms of entitlement. Entitlement is defined as socially defined rights to life-sustaining resources such as land available for hunting, fishing, gathering, or gardening, or ownership of land for farming, manufacturing. Direct entitlement is the most secure form of unrestricted entitlement for access to food and resources and tools to satisfy your basic needs. In foraging societies, everybody has the same direct entitlement to basic needs. All secondary wants are shared. Almost everything is produced from the land. Direct entitlement has simple access while indirect is more complex. Indirect entitlement is ways of gaining subsistence that depend on exchange, such as purchasing food, tools, clothing in markets, or accessing such things through barter, trade, or sharing. These entitlements are riskier since they depend on access and exchange with other people or institutions. It is not sustainable, it is contingent. People with no direct entitlements and only one or more forms of indirect entitlements are most vulnerable during times of recession, economic depression, or famine. Name and define the 3 major areas of interest in the study of demography. Demography is defined as the study of population dynamics fertility, mortality, and migration, often expressed as statistical rates of increase, decrease or change. :- Fertility - or rate of production is defined as births of population increases through reproduction. mortality - is the rate of population decline in a general form due to old age or of particular causes. Migration - is the rate of movement of people from one place to another or from one country to another.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Define "entitlement," and then compare and contrast "direct" and "indirect" forms of entitlement. Entitlement is defined as socially defined rights to life-sustaining resources such as land available for hunting, fishing, gathering, or gardening, or ownership of land for farming, manufacturing. Direct entitlement is the most secure form of unrestricted entitlement for access to food and resources and tools to satisfy your basic needs. In foraging societies, everybody has the same direct entitlement to basic needs. All secondary wants are shared. Almost everything is produced from the land. Direct entitlement has simple access while indirect is more complex. Indirect entitlement is ways of gaining subsistence that depend on exchange, such as purchasing food, tools, clothing in markets, or accessing such things through barter, trade, or sharing. These entitlements are riskier since they depend on access and exchange with other people or institutions. It is not sustainable, it is contingent. People with no direct entitlements and only one or more forms of indirect entitlements are most vulnerable during times of recession, economic depression, or famine. Name and define the 3 major areas of interest in the study of demography. Demography is defined as the study of population dynamics fertility, mortality, and migration, often expressed as statistical rates of increase, decrease or change. :- Fertility - or rate of production is defined as births of population increases through reproduction. mortality - is the rate of population decline in a general form due to old age or of particular causes. Migration - is the rate of movement of people from one place to another or from one country to another.

Briefly describe the Whiting & Whiting 6- cultures study, including a description of the population and subjects observed, the personality traits examined, modes of production associated with population, and research findings concerning the relationship between modes of production child personalities. Six teams of researchers were sent to 6 cultures to examine children in kindergarten classrooms and in their homes. This is a cross-cultural research project designed to provide comparative data on how children's activities ad tasks shape their personalities. Researchers observed children between the ages of 3 and 11 years and used similar methods at six sites. The data collected were analyzed in two major personality types- Nutruant- responsible and Dependent-dominant. A nurturant-responsible personality is characterized by caring and sharing acts towards other children. The dependent-dominant personality involves fewer acts of caregiving, more acts that assert dominance over other children, and more need for care by adults. In research sites in Kenya, Mexico, and the Philippines, all reliant on horticulture, children were more nurturant-responsible. Livelihood in the sites of Japan, India, and the United States were based on either intensive Agricultural or Industrial. In Horticultural societies women are an important part of the labor force and spend much time working outside the home, their children take on family- supportive tasks and develop personalities that are nurturant-responsible. When women are mainly occupied in the home, children have fewer tasks and less responsibility. They develop personalities that are more dependent dominant. Define "Culture-Bounded Illness/Syndrome", and name and describe 2 examples found in cultures described during our lecture on illness & healing systems.

Culture-bound Illness is a Locally specific disorder that is not easily assigned to western bio-medical disease categories. Examples  Awas-it is a major illness among the Mayan, mothers identify it in their infants, causes the baby not to sleep very well or cry a lot. Caused by events that happened to the mother during pregnancy like social pressures or negative relations.  Debilidad- Type of weakening effect that happens to the elderly who have retired. They start feeling depressed from the inability to work. Describe the major characteristics of "Unilineal" descent systems, and name one culture (described during our class lecture) that uses a form of this descent practice. Unlinieal descent is found in 60% of the majority cultures around the world. This is a descent through one parent only. either matrilineal/mother or patrilineal/father descent. Families tend to be larger in size and are compared to extended households. They are associated mainly with horticultural, pastoral, and family farming modes of production. They have a fixed resource base such as crop-lands, herds, or ownership of land. Descent through a common ancestor traced through either the mother or father's side of the family. Inheritance rules control which male heir inherits the property of the father. Example of cultures is the Iroquois and Hopi descent. The Minangkabau of Indoesia. Define an "Expanded Household" as a form of domestic group, and name and describe it two forms.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

This is a variant of extended households, as an adaptation to globalization and migration. Two forms are Household that is stretched across the international borders such as labour migrants, student migrants and their connection to household back home. The second form is the household of children of divorced parents as they have two sets of home, clothing, different friends they are connected to different neighbourhoods. They are interconnected .

Short answers (MOODLE)

Related Documents