Homework 8 (1)

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Georgia State University *

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2010

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Anthropology

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Dec 6, 2023

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Andraos 1 Grace Andraos Dr. Pam Sezgin ANTH 2010 17 November 2020 Homework 9: Chapter 13 and 14 13-6 What aspects of language might be represented by refinement in stone tools? What changes in human behavior occurred during the Upper Paleolithic? It is known that language came gradually and not all at once meaning the prerequisites to language could have been something like hand and physical gestures or sounds. A direct correlation between language and the refinement in stone tools is that they both required abstract thought. Language would have gone through gradual levels before a structured ordering of words would have taken place but it is likely that once the refinement in stone tools started to take place there was some type of speaker to recipient that took place. Not only did the refinement of stone tools and the start of language likely take place in the Upper Paleolithic period, but the discovery of fire and cave paintings have been discovered as means of communication as well. The Upper Paleolithic was a time of the emergence of abstract thought and intelligence as well as a huge turning point of evolution to who we are today. Williams, Frank L'Engle. “Primate Evolution.” Exploring Biological Anthropology An Integrated Lab Manual and Workbook, pp.(162-164) 14-5 How did skin color evolve and how is it manifested in humans today? Can skin color distinguish humans into discrete groups- why or why not? Skin pigmentation is linked to UV radiation and UV exposure. Skin color began to evolve

Andraos 2 likely when our ancestors began to branch out of Africa, or stay, depending on the level of UV radiation, Darker skin tones are related to higher melanin production and acts to protect the darker skin from high UV radiation. Lighter skin is thought to either be an adaptation for the skin to actually accept more UV in less exposed places or “the result of random genetic changes” (Williams 176). Though the production of melanin is typically specific to certain regions, skin color cannot necessarily distinguish humans into discrete groups because of the possibility of genetic variance. For example, someone born to Middle Eastern parents in the Middle East might be born with white skin despite the region and consistent dark tone from the parents. Females also might have lighter skin in populations compared to males and for this inconsistency in skin color in populations it makes impossible to successfully group humans into discrete groups. Williams, Frank L'Engle. “Primate Evolution.” Exploring Biological Anthropology An Integrated Lab Manual and Workbook, pp.(176-178) Citations

Andraos 3 Williams, Frank L'Engle. “Primate Evolution.” Exploring Biological Anthropology An Integrated Lab Manual and Workbook, pp.(162-164) Williams, Frank L'Engle. “Primate Evolution.” Exploring Biological Anthropology An Integrated Lab Manual and Workbook, pp.(176-178)

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Homework 8 (1)

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