BIO_AS1_Science_Harrington_James

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Cypress College *

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110

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Anthropology

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Dec 6, 2023

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Santiago Canyon College / Irvine Valley College / Cypress College Introduction to Physical/Biological Anthropology (Anthropology 101, 1, & 101C) Exercise 1—Anthropology & Science Before you do anything else, please type in your name (as it appears on the role sheet) below. Name: James Harrington Section: Cypress 35 Points Part A Please state which subfield of anthropology would each of the following studies best be classified. Choose from the following answers: Biological (Physical) Anthropology, Archaeology, Cultural Anthropology, & Linguistic Anthropology . Hint—At least of one these is a little tricky and could be argued to have more than one correct answer. 1. You are an anthropologist studying the current religious practices of indigenous peoples on the Indonesian island of Borneo. Linguistic Anthropology 2. You are an anthropologist studying stone tool designs of hunting groups that lived in North Africa 15,000-10,000 years ago . Archaeology 3. You are an anthropologist studying changing diets in Bonobo groups in the Congo. Biological Anthropology 4. You are an anthropologist working to identify burn victims of recent Australian wildfires. Biological anthropology 5. You are an anthropologist studying differences in Portuguese currently spoken in Brazil and Angola. Cultural anthropology

6. You are an anthropologist studying the current kinship structures of the peasant communities of Paraguay. Linguistic anthropology 7. You are an anthropologist who is searching for fossils of early hominins in eastern Africa. Archaeology 8. You are anthropologist studying monkeys living in the forests of Japan . 9. You are an anthropologist doing a comparative study of ancient hominin brain sizes and changes in stone tool design . Archaeology 10.You are an anthropologist studying the migration patterns of ancient (Pleistocene) hunting groups in Anatolia. Cultural anthropology 11. You are an anthropologist studying the indigenous language loss amongst Native American (First Nation) groups in modern Canada. Linguistic anthropology 12. You are an anthropologist studying farming techniques of modern New Guinea peoples. Cultural anthropology Part B Please tell me whether or the following statements can be reformulated into scientifically testable questions . Then briefly explain your answer (a sentence or two is all you probably need for most of these.) 1. Humans and dinosaurs occupied the earth at the same time. This can be a scientifically testable question, the reason is cause if we were to take into account how dinosaurs and early humans were several millions of years apart, you could ask as to how they might have lived along side one another and I think we know how that outcome might have turned out.. 2. At 400 B.C.E. the Greek peoples who lived in what today is coastal Turkey grew mostly the same crops as the Greeks who occupied Crete during this time period. This is a testable question, the chance they might have been using the same tools during this time to harvest the same kinds of crops.

3. Modern Balinese Hinduism features ancient Indian rituals that are no longer performed by Hindus in India. Yes, this can be refuted with science, it can be tested by comparing certain scriptures and temples for comparison. 4. There is only one God and she is infallible. No this cannot be refuted; it isn’t able to be proven. 5. There are many gods. No this cannot be refuted either given that science can’t touch this statement. 6. Buddhism is a superior religion to Christianity.0 This one is not refutable; this cannot be asked or proven given that there are many rules and concepts to each religion one cannot prove to the other why one is superior. 7. The majority of Buddhists in Cambodia believe their religion to be superior to Christianity. This one might be refutable scientifically; while its hard to collectively say one religion is superior, for a certain region to say its superior, can possibly be proven with how that religion might affect people and might break off to other religions and converse others to their following. 8. Pluto is farther away from Earth than Neptune. This can be scientifically refutable; since we do know that Pluto is further away, you could ask if Neptune and Pluto switched places what kind of affect could it have on our solar system. Part C Please decide whether the following statements could best be reformulated into theories or hypothesize. Highlight, embolden, or underline the letter corresponding to your answer . 1. The Nile River allowed for relatively easy travel throughout the ancient Egyptian world, which is a major reason why Egyptian rulers were able to keep such tight control over their territory. A. Theory B. Hypothesis 2. Organisms that are well adapted to their environments are more likely to survive and reproduce than those that are less well adapted to their environments. A. Theory B. Hypothesis 3. Societies that have highly uneven distributions of wealth are more politically unstable than

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those with more equal wealth distributions. A. Theory B. Hypothesis 4. The Mayan city states collapsed in part because they had such uneven distributions of wealth. A. Theory B. Hypothesis 5. The main reason pandas have such low reproductive rates is that their bamboo-only diet requires that they use so much energy foraging and digesting there is little left over for reproductive activities. A. Theory B. Hypothesis 6. The greater the mass of a planetary body the greater its gravitational pull. A. Theory B. Hypothesis 7. The City states of early Mesopotamia seemed to have collapsed in part because their farming techniques left their soils so depleted they ultimately could not feed all their people. A. Theory B. Hypothesis 8. The more mobile a society the less likely it is the feature significant food storage. A. Theory B. Hypothesis Part D Please reformulate the following hypothesize into theories . (Hint—Try and be as broad as you can.) 1. The Nazis were able to gain political control of Germany because they were much better organized than their political opponents. Well given that Germany had just come out of WWI, The German government was easily swayed as well as its citizens and what the Nazi party promised seemed easily in reach. 2. Jupiter has a much greater gravitation pull than the Earth because it is so much larger than our planet. Jupiter’s gravitational pull is only greater cause of the fact that the planet is covered of mostly gases, and since it is larger than the Earth, Jupiter can pull and hold more then the Earth.

BIO_AS1_Science_Harrington_James

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