106 - LAB 4 - Population Genetics

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Wichita State University *

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106

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Anthropology

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Dec 6, 2023

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Wichita State University Name: _______________________ ANTH 106 2020 Tuesday/Thursday Instructor: Buchanan-Burke LAB # 4 – Population Genetics: Hardy-Weinberg OBJECTIVES:  Describe the genetic composition of populations in terms of the frequencies of genes and genotypes.  Explain how sexual reproduction changes genotypic frequencies, sometimes leading to the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.  Use the Hardy-Weinberg formula to determine allelic frequencies in a population. KEY TERMS: population, Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, gene frequency, genotypic frequency SECTION 1: Population Genetics Population genetics looks at what happens to genes in populations that are undergoing natural selection. The genetic composition of a population is described by specifying the frequency of alternative genotypes . 1.1 What is the difference between genotypic frequency and gene frequency? 1.2 Determine the genotypic frequencies and gene frequencies for the following example:

SECTION 2: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium The Hardy-Weinberg model enables us to compare a population's actual genetic structure over time with the genetic structure we would expect if the population were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (i.e., not evolving). If genotype frequencies differ from those we would expect under equilibrium, we can assume that one or more of the model's assumptions are being violated and attempt to determine which one(s). 2.1 What Assumptions does the Hardy-Weinberg formula make? 2.2 Write out the Hardy-Weinberg formula. Identify which letter represents the dominant allele and which letter represents the recessive allele. 2.3 The frequency of 2 alleles in a gene pool is 0.19 ( A ) and 0.81 ( a ). Assume that the population is in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium. a. Calculate the percentage of heterozygous ( Aa ) individuals in the population. b. Calculate the percentage of homozygous recessive ( aa ) individuals in the population. 2.4 In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, 38% of the individuals are recessive homozygotes for a certain trait. In a population of 14,500, calculate the percentage of homozygous dominant individuals and heterozygous individuals.

Take-Home Questions 1. Scale coloration of lizards has a complete dominance relationship where green scales are dominant over blue scales. There are 1,024 individuals with the genotype GG, 512 individuals with the genotype Gg, and 64 individuals with the genotype gg. a. What is the frequency of the dominant and recessive alleles? b. What is the frequency of individuals with dominant, heterozygous, and recessive genotypes? 2. The next generation of lizards has 1092 individuals with green scales and 108 individuals with blue scales. a. Solve for p and q. b. Is the population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Explain your answer.

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106 - LAB 4 - Population Genetics

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