Unit 2_ Population and Migration

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Centennial College *

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304

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Anthropology

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Oct 30, 2023

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VOCAB QUIZ: Population Density, Population Pyramids, and Aging Populations VOCAB QUIZ: DTM, Malthus, Natalist Policies, and Importance of Women VOCAB QUIZ: MIGRATION Age Structure Refers to the breakdown of a population into different age groups or cohorts Aging Population A population of a country or place that ages as the number or proportion of its elderly people increases Agricultural Density The number of farmers per unit of arable land Androcentrism A phenomenon in which a culture demonstrates a marked preference for males Anti-Malthusians People who disagree with the Malthusian view of population and resources Anti-natalist Policies Designed to curtail population growth by reducing fertility rates Arable Land Land suitable for cultivation Arithmetic (Crude) Density The average number of people per unit of land area (usually per square mile or kilometer) Baby Boomers People born from 1946-1964 during the post World War II uptick in Birth rate Black Belt Ethnic homeland in the US South Boserup Effect Increase in food production resulting from the use of new farming methods Brain Gain A phenomenon where a country or a place gains young, more educated and skilled people through migration Brain Drain A phenomenon where a country or a place loses young, more educated, and skilled people through migration

Carrying Capacity The number of people a particular environment (or Earth as a whole) can support on a sustainable basis Chain Migration The process by which some people's migration to a new place leads their family members, friends and others to move to the same place Child Mortality Deaths of children under five years of age Circulation Short-term and cyclical movement that occurs repeatedly on a regular basis Counterstream The flow of all migrants in the direction opposite a particular migration stream, from its destination back to the origin Crude Birth Rate (CBR) The average number of births per 1000 people; the traditional way of measuring birth rates Crude Death Rate (CDR) or Mortality Rate The number of deaths per year per 1000 people Degenerative Disease A disease that causes deterioration over time, such as cancer, heart disease, and stroke Demographic Equation The method for calculating total population of a country or place based on natural increase and migration over a period of time (usually a year) Demographic Transition Model (DTM) Conceptualizes how crude birth and crude death rate as well as the resulting rate of natural increase change over time as countries go through industrialization and urbanization Demography The statistical study of population and its change Dependency Ratio The number of dependents in a population, that each 100 working age people (ages 15-64) must support Developed (Industrialized) Country

A country with an advanced economy and a high standard of living Developing (Industrializing) Country Countries that are of relatively low income or economically poorer than developed countries Diaspora Involuntary mass dispersions of a population from its home territory Doubling Time The number of years it takes for a population to double in size Ecumene The portion of Earth's surface with permanent human settlement Elderly Dependency Ratio The number of elderly dependents in a population (usually older than 64) that every 100 working-age people must support Emigration The act of a migrant leaving their place (country) of origin Epidemiological Transition Theory Seeks to explain how changes in health services and living standards affect patterns of disease Epidemiology A branch of medicine that studies the distribution, determinants, and control of diseases and other health conditions, such as tobacco use and sedentary lifestyle Ethnic Cleansing The forced removal of one ethnic group by another ethnic group to create an ethnically consistent territory Eurasia A massive piece of land on Earth that consists of Europe, with just under 10% of the human population, and Asia, which accounts for almost 60% of humanity Forced Migration Migration caused by forces out of one's control, such as disasters, social conflicts, or developmental projects Gender Roles Culturally specific notions of what it means to be a man or woman Generation X

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People born between 1965-1980 and are now in their prime working years Generation Y People who were born between 1981-2000; often referred to as millennials Generation Z People born after the turn of the twenty-first century Generations Groups of people who were born around the same time and share some common traits, due to the cultural and societal influences they shared as they grew up Guest worker A person with temporary permission to work in another country High Birth Rate A CBR greater than 30 births per 1000 people Human Well-being The state of being comfortable, healthy or happy Immigrants People who arrive at their destination country Immigration The act of a migrant arriving at their destination city Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) A Measure of how many infants die within the first year of their life per 1000 live births Infanticide The practice of killing infants Internal (Interregional) Migration When people move within the borders of a country Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) Someone who remain within his or her country;s borders despite being persecuted by their home country International Migration When moves are made across National Borders Intervening Obstacles

The complications that potential migrants will need to overcome to reach their destinations Intervening opportunity A nearby attractive locale where migrants may decide to settle instead of going to the intended destination farther away Intraregional Migration Permanent movement within one region of a country, such as moving from the suburbs to the big city. Life Expectancy The number of years a person can expect to live from birth Low Birth Rate A CBR between 10-20 births per 1000 people Malthusian A term derived from the name Thomas Robert Malthus, an English economist and cleric, to mean either "of or relating to Malthus's theory" or "a follower of Malthus" Mean Center of Population The balancing point given the distribution of population Median Age The age that divides a population into two halves so that one half is younger than this age and the other half is older Migrant A person who migrates or moves Migration The long-term or permanent relocation of individuals, families or entire communities from one place to another Migration Age Profile The relatively stable relationship between the odds of migration and age across different countries Migration Stream The flow of all migrants from an origin to a destination Neo-Malthusian People who today subscribe to the Malthusian view of population

Net migration The difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants Net Migration Rate (NMR) A gauge of the impact of migration on population change, determined by dividing a country's net migration by its total population then multiplying by 1000 Overpopulation occurs when the human population exceeds the food supply Physiological Density The average number of people per unit area (a square mile or kilometer) of arable land Population Clusters Heavily populated areas that illustrated the unevenness in global population distribution; geographers have identified four population clusters on Earth: South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Europe Population Composition The makeup of the population by age and sex as well as by ethnic, racial, income and educational background Population Density The average number of people per unit of land area Population Distribution The pattern in which humans are spread out on Earth's Surface Population Pyramid A very useful graphic device for comparing age and sex structure Pro-natalist Policies Designed to boost fertility rates and ultimately population growth Pull Factors The attributes of other places that make them appealing to potential migrants Push Factors Factors that cause people to be dissatisfied with their present locales and want to move somewhere else Push-Pull Theory of Migration Theory asserting that two contrasting sets of factors are at work in migration decisions

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Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) The difference between the number of births and deaths in a given year, when expressed as a percentage of total population Refugees People who leave their country because of persecution based on race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, or political opinion Repatriated When refugees or displaced persons return to their home country Replacement Level Fertility The average number of children needed to replace both parents and stabilize the population over time. Approximately 2.1. Residential Mobility Moves that occur within a metropolitan area Return Migration Migrants going back, or returning, to their previous place of residence or origin. Rule of 70 A tool for calculating the doubling time of a population by dividing 70 by a country's rate of natural increase (RNI) Rural-to-Urban Migration When people move from the countryside to cities Seasonal Migration Migration based on the time of year Sex Ratio The ratio of the number of men to number of women in a population Snowbelt States located in the northern and midwestern parts of the United States Social (upward) Mobility Mobility that implies a change in social hierarchy Social Networks People's friends and relatives

Spatial Mobility All forms of geographical movement, including people's everyday commuting and travel Stayers People who do not move Step Migration Migration carried out in a series of stages, usually from nearby to bigger and more distant places Sunbelt States in the coastal areas and the South and Southwest United States The Great Migration The twentieth-century movement of 6 million African Americans from rural southern states to the cities of the midwestern and northeastern states Total Fertility Rate (TFR) The average number of children born per woman during her reproductive lifetime, considered to be from 15-49 years old. Transhumance A phenomenon where herders and their livestock move seasonally between their summer and winter pastures Transitional Birth Rate A CBR between 20-30 births per 1000 people Transnational Migration When migrants move back and forth between their home countries and those to which they have migrated Voluntary Migration Migration that is done willingly Women's Empowerment The increased autonomy of women to make choices and shape their lives Women's Status The degree of equality between men and women with respect to access to and control over both physical and social resources in the family community or society at large Youth Dependency Ratio

The number of young dependents in a population (usually younger than 15) that every 100 working age people must support Zelinsky's Mobility Transition Model Geographer Wilbur Zelinsky's conclusion that there are regularities in migration as an essential component of a country's modernization process Zero Population Growth (ZPG) When a country has the same number of births and deaths in a given year, its RNI is zero

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