STUDY GUIDE ANSC 2050

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School

Louisiana State University *

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Course

2050

Subject

Anthropology

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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docx

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Uploaded by SuperHumanChinchilla2509

Animal science study guide: Chapter One:  Some time around the middle of the 20 th century, interest grew in the study of livestock behavior.  Ethology: study of the behavior of animals in their natural surroundings.  - Ethology; Instinctive and Learned Behaviors  Instinct: present at birth  Habitation: lack of response to a repeated stimulus  Trial and Error: trying different responses until the correct one is performed.  Reasoning: correct response to a stimulus the first time\  Imprinting: bonding process.  Behavior Types and how they are performed by each animal:  Sexual Behavior- heat//estrous, mounting, standing heat  Maternal Behavior- caregiving, protection over young  Communication Behavior- some type of information is exchanged in between each animal (sounds of mother and young voice to where they can recognize it)  Social Behavior- Activities of fight or flight and aggression with other animals. Social interaction plays a huge role in animal production. - Social rank is differences in size, age, strength, genetics, and previous experience. - Interaction with Humans is formed through experience and inheritance. - Behavior during handling and restraint is important because the animals you are working with will remember positive and negative experiences with the interaction they had with a human. You need to have handlers’ experience to be able to interact with livestock and companion animals for they will not cooperate in the right way. - Feeding behavior is the way the animal will E/D and graze in the pasture. Are they drinking water normally? Are they eating the feed? The weather can affect the way the animals eat and drink so that is something to look out for when there is something weird going on - Eliminative behavior (aka defecate and urinate) HORSES defecate 5-12 times a day; CATTLE defecate 12-18 times a day; BOTH urinate 7-11 times a day. If animal isn’t urinating or defecating it can be caused by stress or trauma. - Allelomimetic behavior is the way cattle/horse do things like poop, pee, graze in one spot and have their rounds on what time of day they do it LIVESTOCK BEHAVIOR:

Temperament is important in handling livestock because these animals are unpredictable and are dangerous. Animals that are handled and trained gently can accept the restraint voluntarily in a comfortable manner When it comes to vision of the animals, they have a wide angle vision: cattle, pigs, and sheep have vision of 300 degrees. That means 80% of things around them distract them. Types of Restraint: 1. Psychological restraint - Depends on handlers’ knowledge pf behavior patterns of species to be restrained 2. Sensory diminishment - Restraint technique that involves blind folding - Blind folding wont make a horse enter a trailer that has resisted for hours 3. Alleys, chutes, and barriers - Most common equipment of restraining livestock but not all require this technique 4. Tools and Force - Tools are used as magnifiers and extenders of the physical force that man can exert from an animal 5. Chemical restraint is the strongest method of restraint - Possible to totally immobilize an animal when in surgery and other potentially hazardous situations 6. Low stress restraint - Slow steady pressure SMALL RUMINANT RESTRAINT: SHEEP Sheep are managed in a flock and are easily frightened but to be efficient you need to recognize the behavioral traits of sheep and learn how to work with them Catching sheep is a way to restrain sheep and the most effective way. Enclose the feed pen and have the flock stay there and there is no way to get them out After that you can mark the sheep with chalk Holding sheep can be held by the chin or jaw to have them in a proper nonmoving position. Leg or flank can be effective too, but the most common way is to rump the sheep by placing the sheep or lamb on their rear end GOAT RESTRAINT:

Restrain methods include: collar or id chain, halter, jaw or chin hold, rumping method, or flanking CATTLE RESTRAINT: To successfully restrain cattle you must have good practice method so you don’t have to stop what you’re doing and think, outsmart instead of outmuscle the animal, have strong and appropriate equipment CHAPTER 2: Animal Welfare and Rights: AVMA says that animals should be healthy, comfortable, well nourished, safe, able to express innate behavior, and if its not suffering from unpleasant states such as pain, fear, and distress. Animal welfare refers to the state of the animal: the treatment that an animal receives and humane treatment. ANIMAL WELFARE: “Animal welfare theories accept that animals have interests but allow these interests to be traded away as long as there are some human benefits that are thought to justify that sacrifice.” ANIMAL RIGHTS: “ Animal rights means that animals, like humans, have interests that cannot be sacrificed or traded away just because it might benefit others. However, the rights position does not hold that rights are absolute; an animal’s rights, just like those of humans, must be limited, and rights can certainly conflict. Animal rights means that animals are not ours to use for food, clothing, entertainment, or experimentation. Animal welfare allows these uses as long as “humane” guidelines are followed.” 5 freedoms 1. Freedom of hunger and thirst 2. Freedom of discomfort 3. Freedom of pain, injury, or disease 4. Freedom to express normal behavior 5. Freedom from fear and distress

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