Understanding Bioarchaeology: Forensic Anthropology Lab Guide

LAB 6 Instructions: Bioarcheology and Forensic Anthropology A collection of skeletal remains has just been unearthed at a crime scene. You have been asked to help law enforcement officials in their investigation of this skeletal material. Exercise 1: Animal or Human? Review the skeletal material given below (or in the lab Image Library Pages 217-224) and answer the questions below. PART A 1. Which of the skeletal elements below belongs to a human? 2. Describe one trait that helped you make this distinction:

1. Which of the skulls is a human? 2. Describe one trait that helped you make this distinction:

Exercise 2: Minimum Number of Individuals 1. List the bones depicted. (Be as specific as possible, including the side of the body that the bone is from, if applicable.) 2. What is the minimum number of individuals in this assemblage?

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Exercise 3: Aging 1. Examine the X ray of a Juvenile upper and lower jaw and compare it with the dental eruption age stages (figure on the next page) . What is the approximate age of the individual ?

2. Examine the skeletal material, which is from a female and shows the symphyseal face of the pubic bone. Compare this to the Suchey–Brooks age stages provided below in black and white. What is the approximate age of this individual?

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Exercise 4: Sexing Part A and B

Review the skeletal material below to complete the following exercise.

Question 4.1 Estimate the sex of the three crania using the table below. For each cranial feature on the list, score it as either M, F, or ? (if you are unsure or the feature is not visible). Compare the crania with one another, or the crania depicted in Figure of cranial sexing (above) . Once you have completed the table, tally the total number of Ms and Fs and determine the estimated sex. Cranial Feature Cranium A Cranium B Cranium C Overall size Skull robusticity Brow ridges Shape of forehead Occipital and nuchal area of skull Mastoid process Superior margin of eye orbits Shape of mandible/chin Mandibular ramus Canine teeth Total Ms Total Fs Total ?s Final sex estimate

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Part B Estimate the sex of the three pelvises using the chart below. For each pelvic feature on the list, score it as either M, F, or ? (if you are unsure or the feature is not visible). Compare the three pelvises with one another and the pelvises in Figure 7.7. Once you have completed the table, tally the total number of Ms and Fs for each pelvis and determine the estimated sex.

Pelvic Trait Pelvis A Pelvis B Overall size and robusticity Pelvic opening Coccyx position Pubic bone Subpubic angle Greater sciatic notch Total Ms Total Fs

Total ?s Final Sex Estimate Exercise 5: Ancestry Refer to the images below to answer the following questions.

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1. Which individual has shovel-shaped incisors? 2. What might these two traits indicate about these individuals’ ancestries? 3. Are these two traits alone enough to make an ancestry determination? Why or why not?

Forensic Anthropology LAB

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