Crew Parker Lab Report 3

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School

University of California, Irvine *

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Course

107

Subject

Aerospace Engineering

Date

Dec 6, 2023

Type

pdf

Pages

5

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Report
MAE 107 Lab Report 2 Fall 2023 Crew Parker ID: 14186406 Instructor: Dr. Y. Wang TA: Cody Lab 3 Report Summary The tour covered a walkthrough of the central plant at UCI, on which we were able to get a closeup view of many of the plant’s primary systems. We got to see both the high temperature water production system, and the chilled water production system, followed by boilers and the gas turbine. We were able to go outside and up to the outdoor cooling towers with water falling into a stream to lose heat to the outside air. Next to this was the TES (thermal energy storage) tank, which stores electricity in the form of temperature controlled water. It was important for us as engineering students to see the central plant in person, as we could better understand the scale and caliber of equipment that goes into effectively manufacturing cycles like these. While the central plant may be a scaled down version of some other larger energy plants, it still gives an accurate look into the mechanics of a power plant. This tour also helps us better understand the benefit of having such plants, and perhaps even start thinking about what we can do to improve upon these designs and work to create a safer, and more eco-friendly iteration of the power cycles involved. Crew Parker 1
MAE 107 Lab Report 2 Fall 2023 Questions Q1.) Is the steam generated in the boiler drum saturated or super-heated? How can you tell without instruments? As long as there is liquid water present in the steam boiler drum, the steam is saturated. The drum uses a liquid level gauge to check if there is liquid in the steam drum, which gives an indication of possible overheating if the liquid level is low. Without instruments present, if there is no liquid in the gauge, the steam is likely superheated. Q2.) Describe the purpose of the cooling towers and list three mechanisms that enhance the purpose. When are they efficiently used? How do they work? The cooling tower’s purpose is to reject heat from this point in the cycle to the ambient air through multiple methods. These include the fill, the draft eliminators, and the fan. The fill cools water traveling downwards as cool air travels the opposite direction, and heat flows into the surrounding air. The fan comes in at this point, as it increases the airflow through the system, and higher air flow leads to more heat exchange from the water to the air. Finally, the draft eliminator is used in the cooling tower. It captures tiny water particles that are swept up through the system, and recycles them back into the system. This increases efficiency by reducing the amount of water lost that would have to be introduced back into the system. Q3.) What will happen if the nitrogen-blanket tank pressure is too low? If the nitrogen blanket pressure is too low, then the HTW pipeline pressure might drop below the specified design point causing vaporization to occur. This would lead to a two-phase mixture instead of vapor in the pipeline, and cause damage to pumps and lead to hammering in the pipes. Crew Parker 2
MAE 107 Lab Report 2 Fall 2023 Q4.) Describe the purpose of the TES tank. Why does the CWR return from the top of the TES tank? The TES (thermal energy storage) tank is used to increase the efficiency and store energy from lower cost points in the day. This overall reduces the cost of energy in the plant and school. At night, it is cheaper to produce electricity with lower ambient temperatures, so the TES is able to gather energy at that point to be used throughout the day. The CWR returns water to the top of the tank, as, since heat rises in a specified volume due to density differences in the water, warmer water will be up at the top of the tank. And, to prevent mixing with the cold water stored from the previous night, the water is returned to the top of the TES. Q5.) What is the purpose of a manifold? List three places in the Central Plant where a manifold is used. The purpose of a manifold is to bring together flow from multiple components into one line to supply to other components in the system. Three p-laces in the central plant where manifolds are used include the boilers, the BFW, and the pumps from the chillers to cooling towers. Q6.) Why is the HTW more efficient in thermal energy delivery than the CW? The HTW is more efficient in thermal energy delivery than the CW as it operates at a higher temperature difference from the ambient temperature than that of the CW. Q7.) In Co-gen, what is the benefit of using a steam turbine in gas turbine power generation? The benefit of using a steam turbine in gas turbine power generation stems from the fact that the combustion turbine can send its exhaust into a heat recovery steam generator that produces steam that can be used to supply hot water or steam to the steam turbine. This Crew Parker 3
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MAE 107 Lab Report 2 Fall 2023 ultimately reduces energy loss that would otherwise have been caused by allowing the exhaust to escape the system. Q8.) Draw the schematic of the CP on one page with the major components properly connected. Q9.) In a chiller, what fluids are on the tube and shell sides of its condenser and evaporator? In a chiller, on the tube side of the condenser is a refrigerant that flows to and from the chiller. On the shell side of the condenser is water that flows to and from the cooling tower. Crew Parker 4
MAE 107 Lab Report 2 Fall 2023 Q11.) Describe the purpose of the pipeline system in the tunnel. Why are the CW pipes in the tunnel of a greater diameter than the HTW pipes? The purpose of the pipeline system in the tunnel is to transport hot and cold water throughout campus for use in HVAC systems and for hot and cold water. More cold water is required throughout campus to cool buildings while the hot water is generally used primarily for temperature control, so the cold water pipes have a larger diameter to allow more flow. The hot water pipes are also more efficient at thermal energy delivery than the cold water pipes, which have a smaller difference in temperature to the ambient environment. Crew Parker 5