ACCT615_U4_IP_Morgan_Weckesser
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Accounting
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Apr 3, 2024
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1
Unit 4 IP
Morgan Weckesser
Independent Project 4
Colorado Technical University
1/28/2024
2
Unit 4 IP
Introduction
Activity Based Costing (ABC) recognizes the relationship that exists between costs, overhead activities, and manufactured products. All businesses want to stay in business and do well, so profits are made. Activity based costing allows the top managers of business to see the day-to-day costs and how they relate to the market regarding rising and falling prices. Companies endeavor to be initiative-taking when anticipating the costs behind their final products.
Cost Allocation: Direct Technician Labor Costs
Using the allocation method, the cost per service for various medical procedures, such as MRI, CT scans, and X-rays, can be calculated. The allocation rate is based on the direct labor costs of the technicians, and indirect expenses are then accounted for. The cost of each procedure
is computed by considering the various expenses involved in performing the procedure. Budgeted cost per service using direct labor technician cost as allocation basis: Calculation of Budgeted Overhead Rate: = Total Overheads/Total Labor Technician cost per dollar of Direct Labor Technician Cost Calculation of Budgeted cost per service:
The total direct labor costs:
X-ray: $62,000
Ultrasound: $101,000
CT Scan: $155,000
MRI: $103,000 The indirect costs are calculated by considering the various expenses involved in performing the procedure. The indirect expenses include the salaries of the technicians and other costs.
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Unit 4 IP
Total administration cost: $20,000
Total maintenance cost: $250,000
Total sanitation costs: $252,500
Total utilities: $151,100 The indirect expenses include the salaries of the technicians and other costs. The total direct labor costs are calculated as: $62,000, $101,000, $155,000, and $103,00 and the allocation
rate is $673,600. The indirect costs are then allocated to the different procedures. The total direct
labor costs for a radiology procedure are $1,094,600. Divide $1,094,600 by $62,000, $101,000, and $155,000 and $103,000 as shown below:
Allocated Overhead:
X-ray: $62,000 X $1.60 = $99,00
Ultrasound:
$101,000 X $1.60 = $161,600
CT Scan: $155,000 X $1.60 = $248,000. MRI:
$103,000 X $1.60 = $164,800
Direct Labor Costs:
X-ray: $1,094,600 / $62,000 = $17.65 per hour worked
Ultrasound:
$1,094,600 / $101,000 = $10.84 per hour worked
CT Scan: $1,094,600 / $155,000 = $7.06 per hour worked
MRI:
$1,094,600 / $103,000 = $10.63 per hour worked
Budgeted cost per service using direct labor technician cost as allocation basis: Calculation of Budgeted Overhead Rate: = Total Overheads/Total Labor Technician cost per dollar of Direct Labor Technician Cost Calculation of Budgeted cost per service.
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Budgeted Overhead Rate: = Total Overheads / Total Labor Technician cost.
$673,600 / $421,000 = $1.60 per dollar of Direct Labor Technician Cost
X-RAYS
ULTRASOUN
D
CT SCAN
MRI
TOTAL
TECH LABOR
$62,000.00
$101,000.00
$155,000.0
0
$103,000.00
$421,000.00
ALLOCATED
OVERHEAD
$99,200.00
$161,600.00
$248,000.0
0
$164,800.00
$673,600.00
DEPRECICATIO
N
$42,240.00
$256,000.00
$424,960.0
0
$876,800.00
$1,600,000.0
0
MATERIALS
$22,600.00
$16,400.00
$23,600.00
$31,500.00
$94,100.00
TOTAL BUDGET
COST
$226,040.0
0
$535,000.00
$851,600.0
0
$1,176,100.0
0
$2,788,740.0
0
BUDGET # OF
PROCEDURES
$3,842.00
$4,352.00
$2,924.00
$2,482.00
BUDGET COST
PER SERVICE
$58.83
$122.93
$291.23
$473.85
Different Costing Models Pros and Cons
As stated above, Activity Based Costing recognizes the relationship that exists between costs, overhead activities, and manufactured products. ABC is different because it assigns overhead costs to activities that generate costs: cost of raw materials, labor prices, packaging, etc. Leadership teams around the world have looked to this model enabling top managers to have
an ultra-focused view of where they are generating costs and how to reduce them if possible. Managers choose the level of detail of a costing system by evaluating the expected costs of the system against the expected benefits of better decisions that result from more accurate cost
information (Datar 2020, p. 167). Also, the downside to ABC systems is that it can get incredibly
detailed, and more cost pools are created, more allocations are necessary to calculate activity costs for each cost pool, which increases the chances of misidentifying the costs of different
5
Unit 4 IP
activity-cost pools. For example, supervisors are more prone to incorrectly identify the time they spend on different activities if they must allocate their time over five activities rather than only two activities.
Basis
Activity Based
Costing Traditional
Costing
Effectiveness
of purposes
The objectives of
product costing
and pricing costing
are served more
effectively.
Less effective as
compared to
ABC system.
Based on
Identification
Overhead costs are
identified to each
major activity
They are
identified to
department
instead of
activity.
Terms used
Popular terms are
basis of allocation
or appointment.
under ABC cost
drivers are fewer in
number for the
purpose of
charging overheads
to products.
The term 'cost
driver' is not
used under
traditional
costing system.
Methodology
ABC used separate
rates for support
centers and there is
no reallocation to
production centers
Whereas it is not
the same for
traditional
costing system.
Accuracy
More accurate as
compared to
traditional costing.
traditional
costing reveals
less accurate
costs as
compared to
ABC system.
A Path to Continuous Improvement
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Unit 4 IP
When we look through our management lenses making strategic decisions involves using
ABC. To calculate the expenses for each customer, the healthcare company analyses the costs
related to certain activities and resources and relates those costs to internal and external
customers (such as patients, service lines, and physician groups). Disaggregation of information refers to the process of breaking down data into smaller,
more specific parts. This can be helpful to PRC (Philippine Red Cross) in several ways when it
comes to improving its services:
Identifying areas for improvement: By disaggregating data, PRC can identify specific
areas where its services are lacking or could be improved. For example, if PRC collects data on
the number of blood donations received, disaggregating this data by location, age, or gender
could reveal that certain groups are underrepresented or that donations are lower in certain areas.
This information could then be used to develop targeted strategies for improvement.
Understanding customer needs: Disaggregating data can also help PRC understand the
needs of its customers more effectively. By breaking down data on service usage by
demographics, PRC can identify which services are most popular among which groups and tailor
its services accordingly. For example, if data shows that older adults are more likely to use
PRC's ambulance services, PRC could invest in more specialized training for its ambulance staff
to better serve this demographic.
Conclusion
Activity-Based Costing goes beyond traditional cost allocation methods, offering a more nuanced understanding of costs and their drivers. This information, in turn, equips companies with the insights needed to make informed decisions that can significantly impact and improve overall profitability. I helps to really understand all aspects of cost behind your products so you
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can better understand how to price your products at a standard that is competitive in the current market. When making specific decisions on your product base it is imperative to evaluate the pros and cons to your decision before moving forward. Ensuring your company is financially healthy and presenting in a competitive market well is something that all members of the leadership team should work towards in all product lines. \
8
Unit 4 IP
References
Datar, S. M., & Rajan, M. V. (2020). Horngren's Cost Accounting (17th ed.). Pearson Education (US). https://coloradotech.vitalsource.com/books/9780135632765
Related Documents
Related Questions
Notes: *************************
Activity-Based Costing: A Comprehensive Analysis and Application
Activity-Based Costing (ABC) is a widely used costing methodology in modern business
management. It provides a more accurate and detailed approach to allocating costs to products,
services, or projects, compared to traditional costing methods. ABC assigns costs based on the
activities and resources consumed, making it an essential tool for organizations to understand their cost
structure and make informed decisions. This research assignment aims to delve into the concept of
Activity-Based Costing, its benefits, challenges, and application in real-world scenarios.
Key Components of Activity-Based Costing
Required:*********************
Describe the process of conducting an activity analysis.
d) Show how activity analysis helps in identifying cost drivers.
%^#×++×/_>>[](***?,,;:::"%'xddfghhhgghf:^$$$
arrow_forward
Contrast activity-based costing (ABC) with activity-based management (ABM).
Question content area bottom
Part 1
A.
Activity-based management is using a traditional costing system to improve the operations of an organization, while activity-based costing provides information regarding customer costs to improve the financial position of an organization.
B.
Activity-based cost information is using activity-based management to improve the operations of an organization. Managers use ABM information for decision making, planning, and control purposes. Appropriate activity-based management is vital for each of these purposes.
C.
Activity-based management is using activity-based cost information to improve the operations of an organization. Managers use ABC information for decision making, planning, and control purposes. Cost information is vital for each of these purposes.
D.
None of the above.
arrow_forward
Required information Skip to question [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] Zenon Computer competes at the retail level on the basis of customer service. It has invested significant resources in its customer service department. Recently, the company has installed a traditional activity-based costing (ABC) system to provide better cost information for pricing, decision making, and customer profitability analysis. Most of the costs of running the customer service department are considered committed (i.e., short-term fixed) costs (principally, personnel and equipment costs). The budgeted cost for the upcoming period is $832,000. Activity analysis, recently conducted when the ABC system was implemented, revealed the following information: Activities Percentage of Employee Time Estimated (Budgeted) Cost Driver Quantity Handling customer orders 75% 8,320 customer orders Processing customer complaints 10 416 customer complaints Conducting customer credit checks…
arrow_forward
Question 6.1
For each item listed, select the appropriate purpose of cost allocation from the list below. A purpose may be used more than once.
A - To provide information for economic decisions
B - To motivate managers and other employees
C - To measure income and assets for reports to external parties
D - To justify costs or compute reimbursement amounts
Required
To encourage simpler product design
To cost inventories for reporting on a company's tax return
To encourage the sales department to focus on high-margin products
To evaluate a make or buy decision
To cost inventories for the balance sheet
To decide whether to add or delete a product line
To decide on an appropriate selling price for a special-order product
To cost a product at a fair price for government contracts
arrow_forward
b. activity-based costing
d.
c. flexible manufacturing.
d. speed-to-market.
29. The ability to deliver a product or service faster than the competition is termed:
just-in-time.
statistical quality control.
a.
b.
30. A set of policies, procedures and approaches to business to produce long-term
success is termed a:
critical success factor.
c. mission.
d. strategy.
a.
b. competitive position.
Exercises
Exercise 1: Ethics and the Manager
Raymond Diaz was recently hired as assistant controller of RD Chem Inc., which
processes chemicals for use in fertilizers. Diaz was selected for this position because
of his past experience in chemical processing. During his first month on the job, Diaz
made a point of getting to know the people responsible for the plant operations and
learning how things are done at RD Chem.
During a conversation with the plant supervisor, Diaz asked about the company
procedures for handling toxic waste materials.The plant supervisor replied that he
was not involved with…
arrow_forward
Refer to the given notes in images.
Part 1: Understanding Activity-Based Costing
Discuss why ABC is important for organizations in today's business environment.
Highlight the limitations of traditional costing methods.
Please answer both parts with full details explanation and don't copy from other websites no plagiarism. Expect help.
^^$#+×=>>
arrow_forward
Life-Cycle Costing; Service Department In the chapter, we illustrated the use of the life-cycleconcept for both the cost and sales life cycles of a company’s product lines. It can also be usefulto extend the cost life cycle to the service department. In Chapter 7, we were interested in theallocation of service department costs to product lines. Here we are interested in managing the costsof a service department over its life cycle. The information technology department (IT) is a goodexample. The costs incurred in IT have the following phases:1. Acquire IT assets, including computers, hubs, cables, and other assets.2. Acquire software and deploy IT for the desired application and functionality.3. Maintain management and operations of the IT assets.4. Provide user support.5. Retire the assets on a planned schedule and replace as needed.Required How can life-cycle costing help in the management of the IT department?
arrow_forward
Which of the following major activities of a business will result in product costs?
Multiple Choice
General administrative.
Customer support.
Marketing.
Manufacturing.
I need step by step answer.answer asap.
arrow_forward
Clipboard S
Voice
Sensitivity
Editor
systems are designed to provide information to decision makers in the organization with the
information they need to accomplish this goal. Therefore, the designers of the cost accounting
need to understand how value is created in the organization to design systems for their organiz
d-None of these is true.
Styles
2-Who are the consumers of cost accounting?
a-The customers of cost accounting are managers, from plant managers to the CEO.
b-The customers of cost accounting are the employees.
c-The customers of cost accounting are consumer groups.
d-None of these.
3-The four questions of the critical thinking framework are: 1) What are the relevant question
decisions do I need to make)? 2) What are the data relevant to the analysis and where do I fi
What are the appropriate tools for analyzing data?, and 4) How can I effectively and persuas
communicate the results of my analysis?
arrow_forward
Objective 1 - Describe how activity-based management and activity-based costing differ.2 - Define process value analysis.4 - Discuss the implementation issues associated with an activity-based management system.
Joseph Fox, controller of Thorpe Company, has been in charge of a project to install an activity-based cost management system. This new system is designed to support the company's efforts to become more competitive. For the past six weeks, he and the project committee members have been identifying and defining activities, associating workers with activities, and assessing the time and resources consumed by individual activities. Now, he and the project committee are focusing on three additional implementation issues: (1) identifying activity drivers, (2) assessing value content, and (3) identifying cost drivers (root causes). Joseph has assigned a committee member the responsibilities of assessing the value content of five…
arrow_forward
MTI makes three types of lawn tractors: M3100, M4100, and M6100. In the past, it allocated overhead to products using machine-hours.
Last year, the company produced 8,000 units of M3100, 17,500 units of M4100, and 10,000 units of M6100 and had the following
revenues and costs:
Sales revenue
Direct costs
Direct materials
Direct labor
Variable overhead
Setting up machines
Processing sales orders
Warehousing
Operating machines
Shipping
Contribution margin
Plant administration
Gross profit
MTI
Activity
Setting up machines
Processing sales orders
Warehousing
Operating machines.
Income Statement
M3100
$ 9,400,000
3,300,000
610,000
M4100
$ 15,700,000
Cost Driver
Production runs
4, 800, 800
860, 000
M6100
$ 14,200,000
Sales orders received
Units held in inventory
Machine-hours
3,100,000
1,730, 000
MTI's controller has heard about activity-based costing and puts together an employee team to recommend cost allocation bases. The
employee team recommends the following.
M3100
9
170
90
6, 200
Total…
arrow_forward
pick the support of the product manager and president. Also provide the reasons from the dropdown
arrow_forward
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- Notes: ************************* Activity-Based Costing: A Comprehensive Analysis and Application Activity-Based Costing (ABC) is a widely used costing methodology in modern business management. It provides a more accurate and detailed approach to allocating costs to products, services, or projects, compared to traditional costing methods. ABC assigns costs based on the activities and resources consumed, making it an essential tool for organizations to understand their cost structure and make informed decisions. This research assignment aims to delve into the concept of Activity-Based Costing, its benefits, challenges, and application in real-world scenarios. Key Components of Activity-Based Costing Required:********************* Describe the process of conducting an activity analysis. d) Show how activity analysis helps in identifying cost drivers. %^#×++×/_>>[](***?,,;:::"%'xddfghhhgghf:^$$$arrow_forwardContrast activity-based costing (ABC) with activity-based management (ABM). Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Activity-based management is using a traditional costing system to improve the operations of an organization, while activity-based costing provides information regarding customer costs to improve the financial position of an organization. B. Activity-based cost information is using activity-based management to improve the operations of an organization. Managers use ABM information for decision making, planning, and control purposes. Appropriate activity-based management is vital for each of these purposes. C. Activity-based management is using activity-based cost information to improve the operations of an organization. Managers use ABC information for decision making, planning, and control purposes. Cost information is vital for each of these purposes. D. None of the above.arrow_forwardRequired information Skip to question [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] Zenon Computer competes at the retail level on the basis of customer service. It has invested significant resources in its customer service department. Recently, the company has installed a traditional activity-based costing (ABC) system to provide better cost information for pricing, decision making, and customer profitability analysis. Most of the costs of running the customer service department are considered committed (i.e., short-term fixed) costs (principally, personnel and equipment costs). The budgeted cost for the upcoming period is $832,000. Activity analysis, recently conducted when the ABC system was implemented, revealed the following information: Activities Percentage of Employee Time Estimated (Budgeted) Cost Driver Quantity Handling customer orders 75% 8,320 customer orders Processing customer complaints 10 416 customer complaints Conducting customer credit checks…arrow_forward
- Question 6.1 For each item listed, select the appropriate purpose of cost allocation from the list below. A purpose may be used more than once. A - To provide information for economic decisions B - To motivate managers and other employees C - To measure income and assets for reports to external parties D - To justify costs or compute reimbursement amounts Required To encourage simpler product design To cost inventories for reporting on a company's tax return To encourage the sales department to focus on high-margin products To evaluate a make or buy decision To cost inventories for the balance sheet To decide whether to add or delete a product line To decide on an appropriate selling price for a special-order product To cost a product at a fair price for government contractsarrow_forwardb. activity-based costing d. c. flexible manufacturing. d. speed-to-market. 29. The ability to deliver a product or service faster than the competition is termed: just-in-time. statistical quality control. a. b. 30. A set of policies, procedures and approaches to business to produce long-term success is termed a: critical success factor. c. mission. d. strategy. a. b. competitive position. Exercises Exercise 1: Ethics and the Manager Raymond Diaz was recently hired as assistant controller of RD Chem Inc., which processes chemicals for use in fertilizers. Diaz was selected for this position because of his past experience in chemical processing. During his first month on the job, Diaz made a point of getting to know the people responsible for the plant operations and learning how things are done at RD Chem. During a conversation with the plant supervisor, Diaz asked about the company procedures for handling toxic waste materials.The plant supervisor replied that he was not involved with…arrow_forwardRefer to the given notes in images. Part 1: Understanding Activity-Based Costing Discuss why ABC is important for organizations in today's business environment. Highlight the limitations of traditional costing methods. Please answer both parts with full details explanation and don't copy from other websites no plagiarism. Expect help. ^^$#+×=>>arrow_forward
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