Week 4 FA Case

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Atlanta Christian College *

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740

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Accounting

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Apr 3, 2024

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1 Week 4 FA Case Caleb Cofer Dr. Patrick AC 740: Accounting Theory September 13, 2023
2 Part A Ford's relative solvency is fair compared to GM and Tesla. Their long-term debt-to-assets ratio is fair at 0.35, which signifies that they of 65% free assets if they were to pay their long- term liabilities. On the other hand, Ford's interest coverage ratio and debt service coverage ratios are significantly worse than their competitors. This shows that Ford is not in the best place in terms of paying their interest and debts. This also means that they are not very solvent since they cannot liquify their assets well if they are struggling to pay their debts. Also, it affects their leverage since other companies will see the information above and conclude that any contracts etc. with them are risky. Item 7a of Ford's 10K highlights 3 major areas of risk - automotive market risk, Ford Credit market risk, and counterparty risk. Ford talks about the risk of foreign currency. This is simply the risk that their statements could be worse than planned because of changes in the exchange rates of different currencies. They also talk about the risk of commodity prices, which states that statements could be worse than planned because of changes in commodities used in production of vehicles. Other risks that are discussed are based on interest rates, which could affect both interest rates for Ford and interest rates given by Ford from Ford Credit. Lastly, the counterparty risk simply relates to any loss that Ford could incur if a counterparty defaulted on an investment or contract. GM highlights all of the same risks associated with the automotive industry and GM Financial (their version of Ford Credit), with the addition of the mention of additional model consumptions, where they disclose that interest rates and other factors could vary between models. Tesla, unlike Ford and GM, only highlights foreign currency risk and nothing else.
3 Ford and GM take advantage of a variety of different derivatives, while Tesla does not mention much in their 10K. Ford's derivatives are customized over the counter transactions that aren't traded. They use derivatives to reduce the risk of changes in their fair value of debt. They apply hedge accounting to certain derivatives, while choosing not to for others. In 2022, they had ($576m) in derivatives that weren't designed as hedging instruments. Part B In 2022, Ford would have paid $2,573 million in taxes at the statutory rate, but instead paid $1,709 million. This savings of $864 million is substantial compared to Tesla’s savings of $196 million and GM’s savings of $482 million. Ford has a change in deferred tax assets of $14,003. This is very high compared to Tesla’s $247 and low compared to GM’s $19,832. This shows that Ford is in the middle of the road in terms of their deferred tax assets. Ford had a change in tax credit carryforwards of $1,083 million between 2021 and 2022, but carrybacks and carryforwards were not mentioned by GM or Tesla, so it is hard to know how that compared to the competitors.
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4 References Fernando, J. (n.d.-a). Debt-service coverage ratio (DSCR): How to use and calculate it . Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dscr.asp#:~:text=The%20debt %2Dservice%20coverage%20ratio%20(DSCR)%20measures%20a%20firm’s,service%2C %20including%20principal%20and%20interest. Hayes, A. (n.d.-b). Interest coverage ratio: Formula, how it works, and example . Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interestcoverageratio.asp Inline XBRL Viewer. (n.d.-a). https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata %2F1318605%2F000095017023001409%2Ftsla-20221231.htm#financial_statements Inline XBRL Viewer. (n.d.-a). https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata %2F1467858%2F000146785823000029%2Fgm- 20221231.htm#i54c9b176c0804fcabe51d5f8101e6190_187 Inline XBRL Viewer. (n.d.). https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata %2F37996%2F000003799623000012%2Ff- 20221231.htm#ie50adb6d899d4f6ebcb5e73f7bd915e7_16 Kenton, W. (n.d.-a). Long-term debt-to-total-assets ratio: Definition and formula . Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/long-term-debt-to-total-assets-ratio.asp