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EAGAN FAMILY PRACTICE is a medical practice with four locations in the Minneapolis/St. Paul area. The clinical staff consists of 20 physicians—all of whom practice in one or more areas of family medicine—and 46 advanced practice providers and nurses. Eagan is organized
into three patient services departments: Adult Medicine, Obstetrics, and Pediatrics. Supporting these patient service departments are three support departments: Administration, Facilities, and Finance. Exhibit 7.1 shows Eagan's summary revenue and cost projections by the department for the coming year.
As part of a much-needed overhaul of the cost allocation process, Eagan contracted with a major accounting firm to estimate the amount of services provided by the support departments
to each other and to each patient service department. The intent of the study was to provide data that would help Eagan develop a better cost allocation system to replace the outdated, arbitrary system currently in use. The results of this study are shown in exhibit 7.2. Although expressed as percentages of the total dollar amount of support provided to other departments (instead of the more typical cost allocation rates), the data in exhibit 7.2 are based on an extensive study using sound managerial accounting techniques. Thus, both senior management and department heads at Eagan are comfortable with the resulting allocation
percentages. (Hint: To ensure that you apply the percentages properly in your analysis, pay attention to Note 2 at the bottom of exhibit 7.2.)
The second step in the cost allocation process improvement initiative is to choose the allocation method. Four allocation methods are under consideration: direct, step-down, double
apportionment, and reciprocal. Jerry Silverman, Eagan's chief financial officer, has asked Ashley Matson, the administrative resident at Eagan, to conduct a study and make a recommendation on the best allocation method. This task can be approached in several ways,
but Ashley has decided to examine by doing. She plans to use the data in exhibits 7.1 and 7.2
to determine the overhead cost allocations under each allocation method. Afterward, she can compare and contrast the results.
Of course, the final decision cannot be made without considering the costs involved in implementing each allocation method. When Ashley asked Jerry about the costs
inherent in each allocation method, Jerry said,
“I don't know! Assume that the direct method is
the least costly, the reciprocal method is the most costly, and the other two fall somewhere in between.” He also expects Ashley to make some judgments on the relative profitability of the patient services departments under the recommended allocation system.
Ashley began her analysis by reviewing the allocation methods presented in her old healthcare finance textbook. She had no problem remembering basic cost allocation concepts, but she did hit two snags. The first problem was that the textbook did not describe the
double apportionment method. However, after a little research, Ashley discovered that the
double apportionment method is a slightly more complicated version of the step-down method. In the first apportionment, support provided by each service department to the other service departments as well as to the patient services departments is recognized. Because some costs remain in the support departments after the first apportionment, a second apportionment, which applies the step-down method, moves all remaining support department costs to the patient services departments. Thus, in the double apportionment method, service department support to all other service departments is recognized, whereas, in the pure step-down method, service department support is recognized only to “downstream” service departments.
Here's how Ashley assumed that the double apportionment method would be applied to Eagan. (There are alternative ways in which this allocation method can be applied.) First, direct Administration costs would be allocated to the other five departments (two support and three patient services). Second, direct Facilities costs would be allocated to all other departments (including Administration and Finance). Third, direct Finance costs would be allocated to all other departments (including Administration and Facilities).
After these three allocations are completed, the first apportionment is finished. Some costs remain in the support departments—the intra-support department allocations from the first apportionment—so a second apportionment is necessary. The second apportionment is conducted using the step-down method as it is normally applied, except that the application of the first apportionment means that the starting cost pool values are much lower.
The second problem Ashley faced was that she did not know how to perform the reciprocal allocation. One method is to use simultaneous equations—but higher mathematics has never
been Ashley's strong suit—and another method uses an iterative approach. Fortunately, Ashley had recently read an article in Accounting Monthly discussing an Excel model that uses the iterative approach to perform the reciprocal allocation. To help with the analysis, Ashley modified the magazine's model by using Eagan's numbers to calculate the allocation not only for the reciprocal method but also for the other three methods.
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Put yourself in Ashley's shoes. Complete her assigned task and prepare a report to present to
Eagan's executive committee. In addition, assess the sensitivity of the results to (1) the relative sizes of the direct costs at each support department and (2) the amount of support provided by the support departments to each other. Exhibit 7.3 contains the values that you may use in your sensitivity analysis.
Case Questions:
1.
Briefly describe the differences in the four allocation methods discussed in the case. (Hint: Don’t discuss the mathematics of the schemes but rather how they
differ conceptually.) Which of the four methods is conceptually best? 2.
What are the allocations to each patient services department, and resulting profitability, under the four allocation methods using the base case cost amounts (exhibit 7.1) and allocation rates (Exhibit 7.2). 3.
Consider the sensitivity of the results to changes in the values of the overhead cost pools. Repeat Question 2, but now use the overhead cost pool
amounts from the first section of exhibit 7.3 along with the base case allocation percentages contained in exhibit 7.2. (Note that there are two different overhead cost pool amounts—Calculation 1 and Calculation 2.) 4.
Consider the sensitivity of the results to changes in the allocation
percentages. Repeat Question 2, but now use the percentages from exhibit
7.3 along with the base case overhead cost pool amounts given in exhibit 7.1.
5.
What is your recommendation regarding the appropriate cost allocation
method for the practice?
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Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education

Financial and Managerial Accounting
Accounting
ISBN:9781259726705
Author:John J Wild, Ken W. Shaw, Barbara Chiappetta Fundamental Accounting Principles
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Related Questions
- Comprehensive Insurance Company has three operating departments: claims processing, administration, and sales. These three operating departments are supported by two service departments: information technology and accounting. The support provided by information technology and accounting to the other departments is shown below. Operating Departments Sales Total costs Information technology Accounting The total costs incurred in the five departments are: Information technology Accounting Claims processing Administration a. Direct Method b. Service Departments Step Method (Info Tech First) Step Method (Accounting First) Information Technology 10% c. Reciprocal Method Accounting 20% $ 579,000 1,580,000 270,000 551,000 600,000 $ 3,580,000 Required: Determine the total costs in each of the three operating departments, after departmental allocations, using (a) the direct method, (b) the step method (first for information technology going first in the allocation and then for accounting going…arrow_forwardValaarrow_forwardCompton Information Services, Inc., has two service departments: human resources and billing. Compton's operating departments, organized according to the special industry each department serves, are health care, retail, and legal services. The billing department supports only the three operating departments, but the human resources department supports all operating departments and the billing department. Other relevant information follows. Health Legal Services Human Resources Billing Care Retail Number of employees 10 20 80 60 40 Annual cost* $720,000 $1,428,000 $6,000,000 $9,000,000 $4,800,000 $6,200,000 $2,800,000 $4,800,000 Annual revenue *This is the operating cost before allocating service department costs. Required a. Allocate service department costs to operating departments, assuming that Compton adopts the step method. The company uses the number of employees as the base for allocating human resources department costs and department annual revenue as the base for allocating…arrow_forward
- Kolinski Surgical Hospital uses the direct method to allocate service department costs to operating departments. The hospital has two service departments, Telecommunications and Administration, and two operating departments, Surgery and Recovery. Service Departments Operating Department Tele communications Administration Surgery Recovery $ 26,344 $ 27,472 $ 282,750 $ 599,690 Departmental costs Telecommunications ports Employees 31 14 40 34 30 11 74 27 Telecommunications Department costs are allocated on the basis of the number of telecommunications ports in departments and Administration Department costs are allocated on the basis of employees. The total Surgery Department cost after service department allocations is closest to: Multiple Choice $317,118 $314,853 $310,244 $305,921arrow_forwardes Comprehensive Insurance Company has two product lines: health insurance and auto insurance. The two product lines are served by three operating departments, which are necessary for providing the two types of products: claims processing, administration, and sales. These three operating departments are supported by two departments: information technology and operations. The support provided by information technology and operations to the other departments is shown below. Operating Departments Information technology Operations The total costs incurred in the five departments are: Information technology Operations Claims processing Administration Sales C. Total costs a. Direct Method b. Support Departments Information Technology Operations 20% Step Method (Info Tech First) Step Method (Operations First) Reciprocal Method 10% $ 577,000 1,530,000 350,000 627,000 550,000 $ 3,634,000 Required: Determine the total costs in each of the three operating departments, after departmental…arrow_forwardCompton Information Services, Inc., has two service departments: human resources and billing. Compton's operating departments, organized according to the special industry each department serves, are health care, retail, and legal services. The billing department supports only the three operating departments, but the human resources department supports all operating departments and the billing department. Other relevant information follows. Human Health Legal Resources Billing Care Retail Services Number of employees 10 20 80 60 40 Annual cost* $4,800,000 $6,200,000 $720,000 $1,428,000 $6,000,000 $9,000,000 $2,800,000 $4,800,000 Annual revenue *This is the operating cost before allocating service department costs. Required a. Allocate service department costs to operating departments, assuming that Compton adopts the step method. The company uses the number of employees as the base for allocating human resources department costs and department annual revenue as the base for allocating…arrow_forward
- Compton Information Services, Inc., has two service departments: human resources and billing. Compton's operating departmen organized according to the special industry each department serves, are health care, retail, and legal services. The billing depart supports only the three operating departments, but the human resources department supports all operating departments and th billing department. Other relevant information follows. Number of employees Annual cost* Annual revenue Req A1 Human Resources 10 $720,000 Department Req A2 Health Care Retail Legal Services Total Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Req B1 Allocation Rate *This is the operating cost before allocating service department costs. Required a. Allocate service department costs to operating departments, assuming that Compton adopts the step method. The company the number of employees as the base for allocating human resources department costs and department annual revenue as th base for…arrow_forwardCompton Information Services, Inc., has two service departments: human resources and billing. Compton's operating departments, organized according to the special industry each department serves, are health care, retail, and legal services. The billing department supports only the three operating departments, but the human resources department supports all operating departments and the billing department. Other relevant information follows. Health Legal Services Human Resources Billing Care Retail Number of employees Annual cost* 10 20 80 60 40 $6,000,000 $9,000,000 $720,000 $1,428,000 $4,800,000 $6,200,000 $2,800,000 $4,800,000 Annual revenue *This is the operating cost before allocating service department costs. Required a. Allocate service department costs to operating departments, assuming that Compton adopts the step method. The company uses the number of employees as the base for allocating human resources department costs and department annual revenue as the base for allocating…arrow_forwardDelaware Medical Center operates a general hospital. The medical center also rents space and beds to separately owned entities rendering specialized services, such as Pediatrics and Psychiatric Care. Delaware charges each separate entity for common services, such as patients' meals and laundry, and for administrative services, such as billings and collections. Space and bed rentals are fixed charges for the year, based on bed capacity rented to each entity. Delaware Medical Center charged the following costs to Pediatrics for the year ended June 30, 20x1: Dietary Janitorial Laundry Laboratory Pharmacy Repairs and maintenance General and administrative Rent Billings and collections. Total Annual Patient Days Up to 22,000 22,001 to 26,000 26,001 to 29, 200 Aides 20 25 31 Patient Days (variable) $ 580,000 270,000 440,000 320,000 Nurses 10 14 16 220,000 $1,830,000 During the year ended June 30, 20x1, Pediatrics charged each patient an average of $300 per day, had a capacity of 50 beds, and…arrow_forward
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