ACC 318 Module Two Assignment_
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ACC 318 Module Two Assignment Template
Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information.
Debt-to-Assets Ratios
1.
Calculate the quality of the debt-to-assets ratios for both companies.
The Coca-Cola Company debt-to-assets ratio: Year:
2020
2019
0.63
0.63
The PepsiCo, Inc. debt-to-assets ratio: Year:
2020
2019
0.69
0.63
2.
Explain the quality of the debt-to-assets ratios for both companies. The debt-to-assets ratios help investors determine the risk of each investment by indicating how
much of the company is funded by debt and whether the company has funds to repay debt. (Wilkins, 2023) The higher the ratio, the higher the financial risk is for investors, as the ratio represents the percentage of the company being financed with debt. (Borad, 2022) The Coca-
Cola Company was financed by 63% debt for 2019 and 2020, while PepsiCo, Inc. was financed by
63% in 2019 but increased to 69% in 2020. 3.
Determine which company is more highly leveraged.
Anything >0.5 indicates a highly leveraged company. (Borad, 2023) Although both companies have a ratio in the 0.6 range, PepsiCo, Inc. has a higher leverage because its ratio is 0.03 higher than Coca-Cola’s. Times-Interest-Earned Ratios
1.
Calculate the times-interest-earned ratios for both companies.
The Coca-Cola Company’s Times Interest Earned Ratio:
Year:
2018
2019
2020
9.7
12.4
7.8
The PepsiCo, Inc.’s Times Interest Earned Ratio:
Year:
2018
2019
2020
8.5
11
9.0
2.
Explain
the times-interest-earned ratios for both companies. Address the following questions in your response:
A.
Are the times-interest-earned ratios adequate? The times-interest-earned ratios for both companies are adequate because the companies generate enough earnings to meet debt obligations. (Borad, 2022) As of 2020, Coca-Cola is generating 7.8x more than
its interest payments, while PepsiCo, Inc. is generating 9x more than its interest payments. B.
Is the times-interest-earned ratio greater than or less than 2.5? What does that mean for the companies' income? Both companies have a ratio greater than 2.5 for the three years represented in the documents. (Horton, 2022) Having a 2.5 or greater ratio is preferred by investors and creditors because companies are considered to be at a lower risk for bankruptcy and able to repay debt. (Horton, 2022) Having higher ratios does not
always mean it is suitable for the company’s income, and it can indicate that a company’s income is tied up to paying off debt obligations rather than reinvesting in the
company. (Horton, 2022)
C.
Can the company afford the interest expense on a new loan?
Yes, because both companies make more than needed to meet debt obligations. Foreign Debt
1.
Explain why The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo, Inc. may use foreign debt to finance their operations.
These companies may use foreign debt to finance operations when building additional infrastructure when expanding within the foreign country, to obtain lower interest rates than those offered domestically, or to have easier repayment schemes than those offered domestically. (Team, 2023)
2.
Explain the risks
involved in using foreign debt to finance operations. Foreign debt has a couple of risks, including limited investments when it has accumulated too high, creating a more extended period for return on investment, and fear of foreign currency depreciation. (Team, 2023)
References
Borad, S. B. (2022). Solvency Ratios. eFinanceManagement
. https://efinancemanagement.com/financial-
analysis/solvency-ratios
Borad, S. B. (2022). Times Interest Earned – Formula, Advantages, Limitations. eFinanceManagement
. https://efinancemanagement.com/financial-analysis/times-interest-earned
Borad, S. B. (2023). Debt to Total Asset Ratio. eFinanceManagement
. https://efinancemanagement.com/financial-analysis/debt-to-total-asset-ratio
Horton, M. (2022). What Does a High Times Interest Earned Ratio Signify for a Company's Future? Investopedia
. https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/030615/what-does-high-times-
interest-earned-ratio-signify-regard-companys-future.asp
Intermediate Accounting - Wiley Reader
. (n.d.). Wiley Reader. https://read.wiley.com/books/9781119778899/page/0/section/top-of-page
Team, C. (2023). External Debt. Corporate Finance Institute
. https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/economics/external-debt/
Wilkins, G. (2023). 6 Basic Financial Ratios and What They Reveal. Investopedia
. https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0910/6-basic-financial-ratios-and-what-they-tell-
you.aspx
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