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Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology *

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Accounting

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Nov 24, 2024

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docx

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Question 1 (a) The following key ratios can be used to construct various Capital Adequacy Ratios in accordance with banking regulations: i. The Tier 1 Capital Ratio assesses how much a bank's core capital is compared to its risk-weighted assets. It is a percentage and includes tier 1 common equity capital. Tier 1 Capital Ratio is calculated as (Tier 1 Capital / Risk-Weighted Assets) * 100. For instance, if a bank had $10 million in Tier 1 capital and $100 million in risk- weighted assets, its Tier 1 Capital Ratio would be (10/100) * 100, or 10%. ii. Total Capital Ratio: This ratio evaluates total capital, which includes both Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital, in proportion to risk-weighted assets. Total Capital Ratio is calculated as follows: (Total Capital / Risk-Weighted Assets) * 100 A bank's total capital ratio would be (15/120)*100, or 12.5% if it had risk-weighted assets of $120 million and total capital of $15 million. The leverage ratio, which provides a measurement of capital adequacy without taking into account risk-weighted assets, compares a bank's Tier 1 capital to its average total consolidated assets.
Formula: Tier 1 Capital = (Average Total Consolidated Assets / Leverage Ratio) * 100 A bank's leverage ratio would be (12 / 200)*100, or 6% if it had Tier 1 capital of $12 million and average total consolidated assets of $200 million. Question 2 (b) In Saudi Arabia, the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA) normally oversees banking requirements for capital sufficiency. While particular rules may alter over time, as of my most recent revision in September 2021, Saudi Arabian institutions were obligated to follow Basel III principles. To promote financial stability and risk management, these regulations typically call for maintaining particular minimum capital adequacy ratios, such as the Tier 1 Capital Ratio, Total Capital Ratio, and Leverage Ratio. Amortized Cost Accounting vs. Fair Value Accounting: i. Method of Valuation: Assets and liabilities are recorded at their current market worth, which might change over time under fair value accounting. Example: Market prices are used to determine the worth of a bank's investment in market-traded securities. Assets and liabilities are recorded at their historical cost and gradually adjusted for amortization or depreciation in amortized cost accounting.
As an illustration, a bank records loans at their initial value and later adjusts it to reflect interest income and any impairments. Income Recognition (ii) Income recognition is based on changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities under fair value accounting. Gains and losses are noted as they take place. An increase in the fair value of a bank's stock investment results in a recognized gain, for instance. Amortized Cost Accounting: Income is recognized methodically in accordance with the passage of time or particular occurrences, such as interest payments or loan repayments. As interest from a debt accumulates over time, for instance, it is recorded. iii. Sensitivity to market changes and volatility Since assets and liabilities are marked to market, fair value accounting may cause financial statements to be more volatile. The fair value of investments, for instance, may drastically decline during economic downturns, resulting in big losses on the income statement. Amortized Cost Accounting: As changes in value are recognized more gradually over time, it generally results in decreased income statement volatility. Example: Short-term market swings have little impact on the historical cost of a loan.
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Question 3 Thrift Income Statement: For the specified date, the Income Statement of Thrift is as follows: Thrift Income Statement For the Period Ending [Date] Non-Interest Income: $ 35,550 Interest Income: $ 150,740 Total Income: $ 186,290 Non-Interest Expenses: $ 48,917 Tax Expenses: $ 18,435 Provision for Loan Losses: $ 12,780 Interest Expenses: $ 40,650 Total Expenses: $ 120,782 Net Income: $ 65,508 The thrift's Income and expenses are summarized in this income statement, which results in a net income of $65,508 for the given time frame.
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