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Nov 24, 2024
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Question 1
(a) The following key ratios can be used to construct various Capital Adequacy Ratios
in accordance with banking regulations:
i. The Tier 1 Capital Ratio assesses how much a bank's core capital is compared to its
risk-weighted assets. It is a percentage and includes tier 1 common equity capital.
Tier 1 Capital Ratio is calculated as (Tier 1 Capital / Risk-Weighted Assets) * 100.
For instance, if a bank had $10 million in Tier 1 capital and $100 million in risk-
weighted assets, its Tier 1 Capital Ratio would be (10/100) * 100, or 10%.
ii. Total Capital Ratio: This ratio evaluates total capital, which includes both Tier 1
and Tier 2 capital, in proportion to risk-weighted assets.
Total Capital Ratio is calculated as follows: (Total Capital / Risk-Weighted Assets) *
100
A bank's total capital ratio would be (15/120)*100, or 12.5% if it had risk-weighted
assets of $120 million and total capital of $15 million.
The leverage ratio, which provides a measurement of capital adequacy without taking
into account risk-weighted assets, compares a bank's Tier 1 capital to its average total
consolidated assets.
Formula: Tier 1 Capital = (Average Total Consolidated Assets / Leverage Ratio) * 100
A bank's leverage ratio would be (12 / 200)*100, or 6% if it had Tier 1 capital of $12
million and average total consolidated assets of $200 million.
Question 2
(b) In Saudi Arabia, the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA) normally
oversees banking requirements for capital sufficiency. While particular rules may alter
over time, as of my most recent revision in September 2021, Saudi Arabian
institutions were obligated to follow Basel III principles. To promote financial
stability and risk management, these regulations typically call for maintaining
particular minimum capital adequacy ratios, such as the Tier 1 Capital Ratio, Total
Capital Ratio, and Leverage Ratio.
Amortized Cost Accounting vs. Fair Value Accounting:
i. Method of Valuation:
Assets and liabilities are recorded at their current market worth, which might change
over time under fair value accounting.
Example: Market prices are used to determine the worth of a bank's investment in
market-traded securities.
Assets and liabilities are recorded at their historical cost and gradually adjusted for
amortization or depreciation in amortized cost accounting.
As an illustration, a bank records loans at their initial value and later adjusts it to
reflect interest income and any impairments.
Income Recognition (ii)
Income recognition is based on changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities under
fair value accounting. Gains and losses are noted as they take place.
An increase in the fair value of a bank's stock investment results in a recognized gain,
for instance.
Amortized Cost Accounting: Income is recognized methodically in accordance with
the passage of time or particular occurrences, such as interest payments or loan
repayments.
As interest from a debt accumulates over time, for instance, it is recorded.
iii. Sensitivity to market changes and volatility
Since assets and liabilities are marked to market, fair value accounting may cause
financial statements to be more volatile.
The fair value of investments, for instance, may drastically decline during economic
downturns, resulting in big losses on the income statement.
Amortized Cost Accounting: As changes in value are recognized more gradually over
time, it generally results in decreased income statement volatility.
Example: Short-term market swings have little impact on the historical cost of a loan.
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Question 3
Thrift Income Statement:
For the specified date, the Income Statement of Thrift is as follows:
Thrift Income Statement
For the Period Ending [Date]
Non-Interest Income:
$ 35,550
Interest Income:
$ 150,740
Total Income:
$ 186,290
Non-Interest Expenses:
$ 48,917
Tax Expenses:
$ 18,435
Provision for Loan Losses:
$ 12,780
Interest Expenses:
$ 40,650
Total Expenses:
$ 120,782
Net Income:
$ 65,508
The thrift's Income and expenses are summarized in this income statement, which
results in a net income of $65,508 for the given time frame.
References
Gallemore, J. (2022). Bank financial reporting opacity and regulatory intervention.
Review of
Accounting Studies
, 1-46.
Janahi, M., Millo, Y., & Voulgaris, G. (2021). CFO gender and financial reporting transparency in
banks.
The European Journal of Finance
,
27
(3), 199-221.
Preuss, S., & Königsgruber, R. (2021). How do corporate political connections influence financial
reporting? A synthesis of the literature.
Journal of Accounting and Public Policy
,
40
(1),
106802.
Scannella, E., & Polizzi, S. (2019). Credit risk disclosure practices in the annual financial reporting
of large Italian banks.
Frontier Topics in Banking: Investigating New Trends and Recent
Developments in the Financial Industry
, 245-292.
Khan, H. Z., Bose, S., Mollik, A. T., & Harun, H. (2021). “Green washing” or “authentic effort”? An
empirical investigation of the quality of sustainability reporting by banks.
Accounting, Auditing
& Accountability Journal
,
34
(2), 338-369.
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Related Questions
Provide the formulas to calculate the following items from a company's financial statement:
1. Cash Position Indicator2. Liquid Securities Indicator3. Net Fed Funds and Repurchase Agreements Indicator4. Capacity Indicator5. Pledged Securities Ratio6. Hot Money Ratio7. Core Deposit Ratio8. Deposit Composition Ratio9. Loan Commitments Ratio
arrow_forward
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a)Calculate the equity (total asset –total liability) to asset ratio of the bank (Hint: equity to asset ratio = total equity/total asset)
b)Calculate the duration and convexity of the both asset and liability sides; c)If the interest rates go up by 1%, using the duration and convexity ruleto determine the net worth of the bank and the equity to asset ratio;
d)In c)’s scenario, to maintain the equity to asset ratio at 40% which is required by the regulation, the bank decides to raise cash (zero duration and zero convexity) from the equity holders. How much cash does the bank need to raise?
e)Do you agree with the following statement? Explain why.“The information about a bond’s duration and convexity adjustment is sufficient to quantify interest rate risk exposure.”
please can you answer part d and e
arrow_forward
a)Calculate the equity (total asset –total liability) to asset ratio of the bank (Hint: equity to asset ratio = total equity/total asset)
b)Calculate the duration and convexity of the both asset and liability sides;
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d)In c)’s scenario, to maintain the equity to asset ratio at 40% which is required by the regulation, the bank decides to raise cash (zero duration and zero convexity) from the equity holders. How much cash does the bank need to raise?
e)Do you agree with the following statement? Explain why.“The information about a bond’s duration and convexity adjustment is sufficient to quantify interest rate risk exposure.”
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The financial statements for BSW National Bank (BSWNB) are shown below:
What is the dollar value of earning assets held by BSWNB?
What is the dollar value of interest-bearing liabilities held by BSWNB?
What is BSWNB’s total operating income?
Calculate BSWNB’s asset utilization ratio.
Calculate BSWNB’s net interest margin.
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The current ratio is
O a solvency measure that indicates the margin of safety for bondholders
O calculated by dividing current liabilities by current assets
calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets
O used to evaluate a company's liquidity and short-term debt-paying ability
Question 19
On the statement of cash flows, a $9,000 gain on the sale of fixed assets would be
O added to net income in converting the net income reported on the income statement to cash flows from operating activities
O deducted from net income in converting the net income reported on the income statement to cash flows from operating activities
O deducted from dividends declared in converting the dividends declared to the cash flows from financing activities related to dividends
O added to dividends declared in converting the dividends declared to the cash flows from financing activities related to dividends
arrow_forward
Which of the following is a potential source of capital for a company to invest in long-term assets?
Select one:
A. Bank loans
B. Net Income from past years
C. Issuing additional common stock
D. Issuing bonds
E. All of the above
arrow_forward
The ratio of liabilities to stockholders' equity measures how much of the company is financed by debt and equity. It is computed as follows:
To illustrate, the ratio of liabilities to stockholders' equity for Lincoln Company is computed as follows
Current Assets
-
CurrentLiabilities
=
Calculated Value
1.
Working capital:
Ratio
Numerator
÷
Denominator
=
Calculated Value
2.
Current ratio
3.
Quick ratio
4.
Accounts receivable
turnover
5.
Number of days'
sales in receivables
6.
Inventory turnover
7.
Number of days'
sales in inventory
8.
Ratio of Fixed assets to
long-term liabilities…
arrow_forward
1. The leverage ratio is the proportion of debts that a bank has compared to its equity/capital.
Please answer one that is most correct
Select one:
a. Debt to Equity = Total debt / Shareholders Equity.
b. Debt to Capital = Total debt / Capital (debt+equity)
c. There are different leverage ratios such as. Debt to Equity = Total debt / Shareholders Equity. Debt to Capital = Total debt / Capital (debt+equity) Debt to Assets = Total debt / Assets.
2. Which of the following amortization methods is most likely to evenly distribute the cost of an intangible asset over its useful life?
Select one:
a. Units-of-production method.
b. Straight-line method.
c. Double-declining balance method
3. What ratio is a cash and marketable securities based (it removes Inventory) ?
Select one:
a. Quick Ratio
b. Current Ratio
c. Dupont Analysis set of ratios
4. Which of the following is an appropriate method of computing free cash flow to the firm?
Select one:
a. Add operating cash flows to…
arrow_forward
a) Consider the financial ratios of ABK Bank and the average ratios of peer banks based on
2015 year-end data shown in the table below:
Ratios
ABK Bank
Peer Banks
Return on equity (ROE)
14.50%
7.40%
Return on assets (ROA)
Asset utilisation (AU)
Expense ratio (ER)
1.68%
0.85%
6.65%
5.50%
4.95%
4.62%
TAX
0.02%
0.03%
Note that TAX = applicable income tax/total assets
Compare and critically discuss the performance of ABK Bank and that of its peer banks.
Conduct a return on equity decomposition analysis for ABK bank and the peer banks as
part of your discussion. What are the possible limitations in your analysis?
arrow_forward
30. The statement of financial position contributes to financial reporting by providing a basis for all of the following except *
b. evaluating the capital structure of the enterprise.
a. computing rates of return.
c. determining the increase in cash due to operations.
d. assessing the liquidity and financial flexibility of the enterprise
31.In a statement of cash flows, interest payments to lenders and other creditors should be classified as cash outflows for *
b. borrowing activities.
d. financing activities.
Option 1
c. lending activities.
a. operating activities.
32. In a statement of cash flows, proceeds from issuing equity instruments should be classified as cash inflows from *
d. financing activities.
a. lending activities.
b. operating activities.
c. investing activities.
33.On the statement of cash flows, which of the following items will…
arrow_forward
The _____ ratio gives actual losses on loans, while the ______ ratio gives the extent to which the bank’s assets are devoted to loans.
a.
loss rate; capitalization
b.
loss rate; loan risk
c.
loan risk; loss rate
d.
operating efficiency; loan risk
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