ACCO 4400 - 3008 2.1
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Estados financieros consolidados: sus partes y notas de adquisiciones (Heineken N.V.
Company)
Departamento de Administración de Empresas, NUC University Online Division Dayra M. Acevedo Castro ACCO 4400 – 3008
Prof. Jesús Torres Acevedo
Los estados financieros consolidados resultan de la combinación de informes financieros de dos o más entidades (matriz y subsidiarias). Su objetivo es reflejar el estado de situación financiera de un grupo económico como una sola entidad con varias sucursales, reconociendo además la participación de terceros minoritarios en las entidades subsidiarias. Los estados financieros consolidados de la compañía Heineken N.V. para el 2015 están expresados en millones de euros y están compuestos por las siguientes partes: “Consolidated income statement”, “Consolidated statement of comprehensive income”, “Consolidated statement of financial position”, “Consolidated statement of cash flows”, “Consolidated statements of changes
in equity”, y las notas para los estados financieros consolidados.
Para el año 2015 la empresa Heineken tuvo varias adquisiciones. Entre estas obtuvieron un 53.43% del capital social perteneciente a “Pivovarna Lasko”. Para aquel entonces la empresa “Pivovarma Lasko” lideraba las ventas de cerveza eslovena. Esta adquisición provoca que la empresa Heineken obtenga más territorio. También adquirió Sedibeng Brewery y África DHN provocando un aumento del 75% de sus acciones. Entre otras adquisiciones obtuvo un 15% de NBL de Diageo y un 57.9% de Denoes & Geddes. El adquirir a Diageo ocasiono la participación de GAPL quien tenía un 51% de capital social en ese entonces. Las adquisiciones antes mencionadas se hicieron mediante acciones y no por activos, esto
permitía a la empresa obtener influencia significativa sin tener que comprar activos en un 100%. Las adquisiciones mediante compra de acciones permiten transferir al comprador la propiedad y el control. Mientras que la adquisición de activos suele ser un poco más compleja, esto porque el comprador puede escoger que activo obtener de la organización y hacer funcionar esta como una nueva empresa. La empresa Heineken no compro acciones por comprar, estas adquisiciones provocaron reconocimiento de plusvalía a través de D&G y GALP. A través de la información
obtenida la mayor adquisición fue la de Sedibeng y DHN. Esta información fue deducida por la perdida y ganancia de la segunda y primera transacción, la cual obtuvo una ganancia de 43 millones comparado con la perdida total de la adquisición de GALP Y D&G. El no presentar la información de cada compañía por separado en los estados financieros consolidados podría resultar un poco problemático para quien lo lee, ya que se le dificultaría identificar cuáles de las empresas (matriz y subsidiarias) están teniendo mayor rendimiento y cuales están experimentando pérdidas. Si se presenta solo la información consolidada bajo la compañía matriz, las personas que utilizan los estados para tomar decisiones no podrían precisar cómo van las finanzas de cada una de las subsidiarias de manera individual, y si hay alguna que presenta un peligro económico a corto o largo plazo para los intereses de la compañía matriz. Por
otra parte, según lo discutido en clase, entiendo que es importante el que se prepare una hoja de trabajo para consolidar estados financieros, ya que facilita el procedimiento y permite precisar qué cuentas se unen y qué cuentas desaparecen en el proceso de consolidación.
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Referencias: Fischer, P. M., Taylor, W. J., & Cheng, R. H. (2016). Advanced accounting (12.a ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Heineken International B.V. (2021, 1 abril). HEINEKEN N.V. PUBLISHES 2015 ANNUAL REPORT. HEINEKEN N.V. PUBLISHES 2015 ANNUAL REPORT. https://www.theheinekencompany.com/newsroom/heineken-nv-publishes-2015-annual-report/
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