ACC 100 Notes- Ahmed Saadeddine
.docx
keyboard_arrow_up
School
Toronto Metropolitan University *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
100
Subject
Accounting
Date
Jun 13, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
16
Uploaded by UltraExploration12417
Multiple Choice Questions, Wednesday, April 17th Chapter - 1:
3 Business Sectors:
-
Primary
: Grow and gather raw materials
-
Secondary:
Raw materials turned into product
-
Tertiary:
sell goods/services
to consumers
Stakeholders: People that can or do affect a business
, they all have objectives
-
Internal Stakeholder:
People who work for said business
-
General employees: Earn high wages to keep their jobs
-
Market Manager: Effect of advertising
-
Company Lawyer: Ensure laws are followed
-
External Stakeholder:
Outside and money-oriented
-
Governments: Ensure businesses pay taxes, employ more people, and follow the
law
-
Suppliers: Sell products/services to the business -
Banks: Decide whether to lend money, ensure business repays loans on time
*(The financial information that businesses provide is often the key info that ex stakeholders use to make decisions)*
Qualitative Characteristics:
Qualities that stakeholders want
from financial information
-
Faithful:
Info is trustworthy and unbiased
-
Relevant:
Info is appropriate to stakeholders -
Comparable
: It’s consistent yearly and relative
to other companies -
Timely: Provided quickly as old information loses its value
-
Understandable: Info is clear and concise
Assumptions: Underlie the preparation of financial information. - Separate Entity
: Only business activities are included; personal activities are excluded.
- Unit-of-Measure
: All transactions are recorded using the same monetary unit.
- Going Concern:
Assumes the business will continue to operate for the foreseeable future.
- Historic Cost:
Transactions are initially recorded at the amount paid.
- Time Period:
Information is broken into artificial periods
for analysis.
- Full Disclosure: All relevant information that could impact decisions is disclosed.
GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
):
- Guidelines used by accountants to prepare financial information
.
- Assure stakeholders about the usefulness of financial information
for decision-making.
**What to Know for Midterms or Final Exams:**
- Define stakeholder, internal stakeholder, and external stakeholder.
- List common internal stakeholders and their objectives.
- List common external stakeholders and their objectives.
- Explain what external stakeholders use to aid decision-making.
- Define
qualitative characteristics of financial information.
- List and define each qualitative characteristic.
- Define assumptions underlying financial information.
- List and define each assumption.
- Recognize the interconnection between qualitative characteristics and assumptions.
- Apply knowledge of qualitative characteristics and assumptions to scenarios.
- Define GAAP and
explain its purpose.
Example questions:
Stakeholders
Questions they may ask
Q1.
Tax advisor to business
IS the business following required acc rules
Q2.
Marketing Manager
What is the expected revenue from a new product
Q3.
Auditor in acc firm
Are tax laws being followed Q4.
Supplier
Will businesses pay purchases on time
Q5.
Bankers
Does the business have enough to pay interest?
Chapter - 2: **
What you need to understand for Midterms or Final exam**
- Understand why financial information is crucial for both preparers and users of financial data.
- Explain the
distinction between data and information, with examples.
- Define financial statements,
identify who uses them, and explain their
purpose.
- List and define the financial reporting elements, providing examples for each element.
-
Categorize business activities into the appropriate financial reporting elements.
-
Explain the bond between the five financial reporting elements, with flowcharts or equations.
- Define the double-entry accounting system and provide an example showing its application.
-
List the critical questions used to analyze every business activity, and demonstrate their application.
- Use the definitions of financial reporting elements to support how business activities affect each element.
-
Record basic business activities into the accounting system using both the basic and expanded accounting equations.
- Explain why increases in expenses and dividends are recorded differently in the expanded and
basic accounting equations.
- Analyze accounting information prepared by a business to answer questions about its financial
position and profitability.54
Chapter 2
Financial Data: Any transaction made and recorded Financial Info: Taking data and analyzing and format
Financial Statements: Tells the business story and how it currently is
Accounting System: A system that takes data and turns it into financial position/health
“GAAP” specifies how data is categorized, these are called elements that help desire issues/strengths.
THE 5 ELEMENTS: -
Assets: Owned benefits, *
past events only
-
Liability: Owed money, future payment/past event
-
Equity: Capital plus earnings -
Revenue: Income earned from goods/services
-
Expenses: Current costs
Why is financial information important?
It serves the objectives of both preparers and users. For
preparers
like Tees Inc., it's vital for obtaining loans
and meeting financial goals.
Meanwhile, external stakeholders, such as banks,
rely on financial information to assess the viability of loan requests and make informed lending decisions.
Essentially, financial information facilitates decision-making processes for all parties involved in financial transactions.
The distinction between Information and Data: Data refers to raw, unprocessed facts and figures
, such as the information TMU University collects on its students, including names, addresses, dates of birth, and grades.
This raw data becomes information once it is processed, categorized, analyzed, and formatted for presentation purposes. For example, after processing the data, TMU may identify patterns indicating that students with specific high school backgrounds are more likely to succeed in certain programs
. Financial information, presented as financial statements, provides insights into a business's financial performance, position, and cash flows, enabling stakeholders to make
informed decisions. This transformation process illustrates the distinction between data, which is
raw and unprocessed, and information, which is processed and actionable.
-
In other words, data
is RAW, and
information is PROCESSED AND ACTIONABLE.
What are Financial statements, who uses them and what is their purpose?
-
Financial statements
: tell a business story, what it does, and how well it does it. balance sheets, income statements, cash flow statements, and statements of shareholders' equity. -
Used by
various stakeholders, such as investors, creditors, regulators, and internal management to asses businesses financial health. -
The
purpose of financial statements is to provide transparent and reliable information that aids stakeholders in evaluating the business's financial position, making informed decisions, and achieving their objectives.
What are the Financial Reporting Elements?
-
Assets: -
Owned, Benefit the company in the future, Happened in the past
-
*if you plan to purchase an asset it doesn't count*
-
EX. iPhone, computer, Cash
-
Liability: -
Owed to third parties, Repaid in the future, Happened in the past
-
Either giving up cash, goods, or services in the future
-
*if you plan to borrow money next year it doesn't count*
-
EX. Student loans, Cell phone bills
-
Equity: Capital plus earnings -
Wealth due to owners
-
Owners Capital
-
If you start with $20,000, you have that much capital
-
Profit Retained
-
A profit of $10,000 would
increase PR.
If paid out in the form of dividends of $2,000, Equity would increase by $8,000
which is profit
that the business kept
*
Assets - Liabilities = Equity*
-
Revenue:
-
Income
earned from goods/services (past tense)
-
Expenses: -
Current costs
-
Helps u get revenue
-
EX. If you use gas in a lawnmower it is an expense because it helps generate revenue
*Revenue - Expenses = Profit*
Revenues
Expenses
Profit
Q1
$132,450
$15,368
Q2
$239,600
$9,355
Q3
$249,000
$201,300
132,450 - 15,368 = Expenses (117,082)
239,600 +9,355 = Revenue (248,955)
249,000-201,300 = Profit (47,700)
Expanded Accounting Equation
Assets = Liabilities + Equity Equity = Owners Captial + Retained Earnings
Retained Earnings = Profit - Dividends
Profit = Revenues - Expenses
+, +, -, - PRACTICE:
1)
If expenses increase by $7,000, what happens to equity?
Since revenue - EXPENSES, Equity will go down
(owners capital)
2)
The owners of a business contribute $50,000 each to a business. During the year the business had costs (
expenses)
of $89,560, paid dividends of $10,000
, and earned revenues of $114,230
. What is equity at the end of the year?
Owners cap: $50,000 x 2 = $100,000
Expenses: $89,560
Dividends: $10,000
Revenues: $114,230
Rev - Expenses = Profit = $24,670
Profit - Dividends = Retained Earnings = $14,670
$114,670
A=Assets L=Liabilities E=Equity OC=Owners Cap RE= Retained Earnings P= Profit D=Dividends R=Revenue Ex=Expenses
A = L + E
E = OC + RE
RE = P - D P = R - EX
Chapter - 3
Active Analysis Questions
Critical Questions:
-
What did the business get?
-
What did the business give away?
Enhancing Questions:
-
What did the business earn? (Revenue)
-
What did the business use? Consume or incur? (Expense)
-
What does the business owe? (Liabilities or Owner’s Captial)
Common Accounts
ASSETS:
Cash
Asset Account
-
Owned
-
Future benefit
-
Due to past interaction
- Receive Cash = +
- Give away = -
Accounts Receivable Asset Account
-
Legal right to get cash later
- Sell on account = +
- Collect Cash = -
Prepaid Expense
Asset Account
-
Future expense(not yet)
-
Legal right to collect in the future
- Get future legal rights = +
- Use up your right= -
EX. Insurance, Rent, Subscription, and pre-paid advertisement that has not yet been released
Office Supplies
Asset Account
-
Future expense (not yet)
-
Receive in the past
-
Use in the future
- Receive = +
- Use = -
Equipment
Asset Account
-
Future expense (not yet)
-
Receive in the past
-
Use in the future
- Receive = +
- Use = -
Intangible Assets
Asset Account
-
Receive in the past
-
Use in the future
-
Legal right that businesses had to benefit them
- Receive = +
- Use = -
EX. Patents, licenses, copyrights
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable
Liability Account
-
Owed
-
Paid in the future
-
Due to a past transaction - Buy on account = +
- Pay off = -
Other Payables
Liability Accounts are ALL
-
Owed
-
Paid with cash in the future
-
Due to past transaction
- Owed to others = +
- Pay down with cash = -
EX. Salaries, Wages, Rent, Income tax, Interest payable Loan Payable
Liability Account
-
Owed
-
Paid in the future
-
Due to past BORROWING
- Borrow money = +
- Pay off money = -
EX. Bank loan, note, mortgage
Unearned Revenue
Liability Account
-
Owe a good or a service
-
Provide in the future
-
Due to receiving cash in the past
- Receive Cash = +
- Provide good or service = -
EQUITY
Owner’s Capital
-
Money invested by owners
-
Represents ownership
- Receive ownership = +
Retained Earnings -
Profit generated by business
-
Dividends paid to owners
- Profit generated: +
- Dividends paid: -
REVENUES
Earned
-
Provided a service
-
Delivered a good
-
PAST tenses, done deal
- Earned: +
- Returned: -
Service Revenue
Revenue Account
-
Provided services
-
Past transaction
- Provided: +
- Refunded: -
Sales Revenue
Revenue Account
-
Delivered Goods (inventory)
-
Past transaction
- Delivered: +
- Returned: -
EXPENSES
Advertising Wages
Insurance
Interest
Income Rent
TRANSACTION VS EVENT
Transaction: Recorded in the business financial system
-
Measurable
-
$ amount known
-
Realized
-
Exchange already occurred
Event: Never recorded (No entry)
-
Measurable OR
Realized
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Related Questions
Entrepreneurship group assignment for accounting and management students
Write the correct answer for the following questions
What are the critical elements that the process of an entrepreneurship comprises? (2%).
List the components of external environment and describe their relationship with the business firm. (3%).
Describe each the following innovation process.(2%).
Analytical planning
Resource organization
Implementation
Commercial application
What is the difference between idea and opportunity? (2%).
What are methods used for generating business ideas? (2%).
Describe each of the three basic forms of business ownership. (3%).
a. proprietorship
b. partnership
c. corporation
7. Define the following terms.(2 points)
a) Entrepreneurship
b) Entrapreneurship
8. What is the difference between individual entrepreneur and organizational entrepreneur? (2 points)
9. List out at least four importance of small businesses. (2 points)
arrow_forward
Question 3:
Select a company of your choice that applies employee motivation scheme, start by briefly introduction of the chosen company, and describe how they motivate employees, what kind of moral boosters used, their reward/punishment system, and ways to retain good employees.
the chosen company (Starbucks)
arrow_forward
which one is correct please confirm?
QUESTION 16
A good operational plan incorporates a plan for ____________.
a.
the unionization of its business
b.
a solid organizational chart with detailed job descriptions
c.
the resources a firm will need to obtain its objectives
d.
All of these are correct
arrow_forward
Question 1.1
Example Ltd is a manufacturer. Which of the following is an example of the control function in management accounting?
Setting production targets for new product models.
Awarding bonuses to top performing managers.
Developing corrective actions in response to lower than expected production levels.
Pursuing legal actions against patent infringement.
arrow_forward
Discussion points:As a plant employee, what is your responsibility to report your findings to superiors?Should you attempt to determine if the redundancy is justified? Explain.What is your responsibility to the employees whose jobs will likely be lost because of your report?What facts should you consider before making your decision to report or not?
(Chapter 17 Ethics Challenge BTN 17-3, Financial & Managerial Accounting: Information for Decisions; Wild, Shaw, and Chiapetta, 7th edition, McGraw-Hill )
I do not really understand this at all. Do you have access to this course material and could help me learn this so i know?
arrow_forward
13. With an increase in ________, employee training is important in many companies.
A. Technology
B. Employees
C. Workplace discrimination
D. Upper management
14. Training is usually:
A. Paid for by the employee
B. Provided and paid for by the company
C. Free to all participants
D. Paid for by a professional trainer
15. An entrepreneur is someone who:
A. All of these
B. Would rather work for others
C. Doesn't mind lower pay as long as he or she can work for him- or her-self
D. Assumes the risk of succeeding or failing in business
16. Continue expanding your knowledge:
A. Only in areas that interest you
B. Only in areas relating to your current job
C. In as many areas as possible
D. In only areas your boss recommends
arrow_forward
Identifying ethical standards
The Institute of Management Accountants’ Statement of Ethical Professional Practice requires managerial accountants to meet standards regarding competence, confidentiality, integrity, and credibility. Consider the following situations. Which standard(s) are violated in each situation?
You tell your brother that your company will report earnings significantly above financial analysts’ estimates.
You see others take home office supplies for personal use. As an intern, you do the same thing, assuming that this is a “perk.”
At a company-paid conference on e-commerce, you skip the afternoon session and go sightseeing.
You failed to read the detailed specifications of a new accounting software package that you asked your company to purchase. After it is installed, you are surprised that it is incompatible with some of your company’s older accounting software.
You do not provide top management with the detailed job descriptions they requested because you fear…
arrow_forward
Identifying ethical standards
The Institute of Management Accountants’ Statement of Ethical Professional Practice requires managerial accountants to meet standards regarding competence, confidentiality, integrity, and credibility. Consider the following situations. Which standard(s) are violated in each situation?
a. You tell your brother that your company will report earnings significantly above financial analysts’ estimates.
b. You see others take home office supplies for personal use. As an intern, you do the same thing, assuming that this is a “perk.”
c. At a company-paid conference on e-commerce, you skip the afternoon session and go sightseeing.
d. You failed to read the detailed specifications of a new accounting software package that you asked your company to purchase. After it is installed, you are surprised that it is incompatible with some of your company’s older accounting software.
e. You do not provide top management with the detailed job descriptions they requested…
arrow_forward
1. Responsibility Centers
Indicate how each of the business situations below is most likely to be organized: cost center (CC), revenue
center (RC), profit center (PC), or investment center (IC)
A. The assembly department of Toyota Motors Corporation.
B. The Ayala Mall car park ticket outlets.
C. The Magnolia product division of San Miguel Corporation.
D. The accounting department of SM Malls.
E. The Project 8 branch of Starbucks Coffee.
F. The College of Accountancy of the España University.
G. The parts department of Suzuki Motors Corporation.
H. The convenience store (Mini-Stop) that is owned by a chain organization; the head office supplies all
the goods to be sold and determines the selling prices.
arrow_forward
Question 5.1
For each of the following balanced scorecard measures,
A – Financial
B – Customer
C – Internal Business Process
D – Learning and Growth
Required
Match with the appropriate perspective:
Number of new customers
Percentage of defective product units
Number of patents
Customer profitability
Customer cost per unit
Return on assets
Average job-related training hours per employee
Product cost per unit
Employee turnover rate
Percentage of processes with real-time feedback
arrow_forward
QUESTION 25
One of the reasons that businesses use accounting is it:
O a. supplies information that permits informed judgements and decisions
Ob.s casy to understand product information
Ocs required by the government
d. is a simple way to track company performance
arrow_forward
Employee Security, High Wages and Promotion from within are best practices within:
Question 5Answer
a.
Building Competitive Advantage through People
b.
Leadership Strategy
c.
Staffing the Organization
d.
Strategic Management
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Principles of Accounting Volume 2
Accounting
ISBN:9781947172609
Author:OpenStax
Publisher:OpenStax College
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781337552127/9781337552127_smallCoverImage.gif)
Accounting Information Systems
Finance
ISBN:9781337552127
Author:Ulric J. Gelinas, Richard B. Dull, Patrick Wheeler, Mary Callahan Hill
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Accounting Volume 1
Accounting
ISBN:9781947172685
Author:OpenStax
Publisher:OpenStax College
Related Questions
- Entrepreneurship group assignment for accounting and management students Write the correct answer for the following questions What are the critical elements that the process of an entrepreneurship comprises? (2%). List the components of external environment and describe their relationship with the business firm. (3%). Describe each the following innovation process.(2%). Analytical planning Resource organization Implementation Commercial application What is the difference between idea and opportunity? (2%). What are methods used for generating business ideas? (2%). Describe each of the three basic forms of business ownership. (3%). a. proprietorship b. partnership c. corporation 7. Define the following terms.(2 points) a) Entrepreneurship b) Entrapreneurship 8. What is the difference between individual entrepreneur and organizational entrepreneur? (2 points) 9. List out at least four importance of small businesses. (2 points)arrow_forwardQuestion 3: Select a company of your choice that applies employee motivation scheme, start by briefly introduction of the chosen company, and describe how they motivate employees, what kind of moral boosters used, their reward/punishment system, and ways to retain good employees. the chosen company (Starbucks)arrow_forwardwhich one is correct please confirm? QUESTION 16 A good operational plan incorporates a plan for ____________. a. the unionization of its business b. a solid organizational chart with detailed job descriptions c. the resources a firm will need to obtain its objectives d. All of these are correctarrow_forward
- Question 1.1 Example Ltd is a manufacturer. Which of the following is an example of the control function in management accounting? Setting production targets for new product models. Awarding bonuses to top performing managers. Developing corrective actions in response to lower than expected production levels. Pursuing legal actions against patent infringement.arrow_forwardDiscussion points:As a plant employee, what is your responsibility to report your findings to superiors?Should you attempt to determine if the redundancy is justified? Explain.What is your responsibility to the employees whose jobs will likely be lost because of your report?What facts should you consider before making your decision to report or not? (Chapter 17 Ethics Challenge BTN 17-3, Financial & Managerial Accounting: Information for Decisions; Wild, Shaw, and Chiapetta, 7th edition, McGraw-Hill ) I do not really understand this at all. Do you have access to this course material and could help me learn this so i know?arrow_forward13. With an increase in ________, employee training is important in many companies. A. Technology B. Employees C. Workplace discrimination D. Upper management 14. Training is usually: A. Paid for by the employee B. Provided and paid for by the company C. Free to all participants D. Paid for by a professional trainer 15. An entrepreneur is someone who: A. All of these B. Would rather work for others C. Doesn't mind lower pay as long as he or she can work for him- or her-self D. Assumes the risk of succeeding or failing in business 16. Continue expanding your knowledge: A. Only in areas that interest you B. Only in areas relating to your current job C. In as many areas as possible D. In only areas your boss recommendsarrow_forward
- Identifying ethical standards The Institute of Management Accountants’ Statement of Ethical Professional Practice requires managerial accountants to meet standards regarding competence, confidentiality, integrity, and credibility. Consider the following situations. Which standard(s) are violated in each situation? You tell your brother that your company will report earnings significantly above financial analysts’ estimates. You see others take home office supplies for personal use. As an intern, you do the same thing, assuming that this is a “perk.” At a company-paid conference on e-commerce, you skip the afternoon session and go sightseeing. You failed to read the detailed specifications of a new accounting software package that you asked your company to purchase. After it is installed, you are surprised that it is incompatible with some of your company’s older accounting software. You do not provide top management with the detailed job descriptions they requested because you fear…arrow_forwardIdentifying ethical standards The Institute of Management Accountants’ Statement of Ethical Professional Practice requires managerial accountants to meet standards regarding competence, confidentiality, integrity, and credibility. Consider the following situations. Which standard(s) are violated in each situation? a. You tell your brother that your company will report earnings significantly above financial analysts’ estimates. b. You see others take home office supplies for personal use. As an intern, you do the same thing, assuming that this is a “perk.” c. At a company-paid conference on e-commerce, you skip the afternoon session and go sightseeing. d. You failed to read the detailed specifications of a new accounting software package that you asked your company to purchase. After it is installed, you are surprised that it is incompatible with some of your company’s older accounting software. e. You do not provide top management with the detailed job descriptions they requested…arrow_forward1. Responsibility Centers Indicate how each of the business situations below is most likely to be organized: cost center (CC), revenue center (RC), profit center (PC), or investment center (IC) A. The assembly department of Toyota Motors Corporation. B. The Ayala Mall car park ticket outlets. C. The Magnolia product division of San Miguel Corporation. D. The accounting department of SM Malls. E. The Project 8 branch of Starbucks Coffee. F. The College of Accountancy of the España University. G. The parts department of Suzuki Motors Corporation. H. The convenience store (Mini-Stop) that is owned by a chain organization; the head office supplies all the goods to be sold and determines the selling prices.arrow_forward
- Question 5.1 For each of the following balanced scorecard measures, A – Financial B – Customer C – Internal Business Process D – Learning and Growth Required Match with the appropriate perspective: Number of new customers Percentage of defective product units Number of patents Customer profitability Customer cost per unit Return on assets Average job-related training hours per employee Product cost per unit Employee turnover rate Percentage of processes with real-time feedbackarrow_forwardQUESTION 25 One of the reasons that businesses use accounting is it: O a. supplies information that permits informed judgements and decisions Ob.s casy to understand product information Ocs required by the government d. is a simple way to track company performancearrow_forwardEmployee Security, High Wages and Promotion from within are best practices within: Question 5Answer a. Building Competitive Advantage through People b. Leadership Strategy c. Staffing the Organization d. Strategic Managementarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Principles of Accounting Volume 2AccountingISBN:9781947172609Author:OpenStaxPublisher:OpenStax CollegeAccounting Information SystemsFinanceISBN:9781337552127Author:Ulric J. Gelinas, Richard B. Dull, Patrick Wheeler, Mary Callahan HillPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Principles of Accounting Volume 1AccountingISBN:9781947172685Author:OpenStaxPublisher:OpenStax College
Principles of Accounting Volume 2
Accounting
ISBN:9781947172609
Author:OpenStax
Publisher:OpenStax College
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781337552127/9781337552127_smallCoverImage.gif)
Accounting Information Systems
Finance
ISBN:9781337552127
Author:Ulric J. Gelinas, Richard B. Dull, Patrick Wheeler, Mary Callahan Hill
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Accounting Volume 1
Accounting
ISBN:9781947172685
Author:OpenStax
Publisher:OpenStax College