Solutions for EBK CHEMISTRY: THE MOLECULAR NATURE OF
Problem 2PE:
Practice Exercise 4.2
Write equations that show what happens when the following solid ionic...Problem 3PE:
Practice Exercise 4.3 When solutions of (NH4)2SO4 and Ba(NO3)2 are mixed, a precipitate of BaSO4...Problem 4PE:
Write molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for the reaction of aqueous solutions of cadmium...Problem 5PE:
Practice Exercise 4.5
Propanoic acid, , is only slightly ionized when dissolved in water. Write the...Problem 6PE:
Practice Exercise 4.6
Nitric acid, , is a strong acid that can be used to make explosives. Nitrous...Problem 8PE:
Practice Exercise 4.8 Ethylamine, a base in water, has the following structure: It is used in the...Problem 9PE:
Practice Exercise 4.9
Citric acid is the acid in citrus fruits such as lemons, limes, and oranges....Problem 10PE:
Practice Exercise 4.10
Hydrogen sulfide is responsible for the smell of rotten eggs, and dissolves...Problem 11PE:
Name the aqueous solutions of the following acids: HF, HI. (Hint: These are binary acids.) Naming...Problem 12PE:
Using the colors of the atoms to identify the elements, name the acid having the structure below....Problem 13PE:
Show that, in aqueous solutions, there is a net reaction between Zn(NO3)2andCa(OH)2. (Hint: Write...Problem 14PE:
Predict what occurs on mixing the following solutions, by writing the molecular, ionic, and net...Problem 15PE:
Write the molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for the neutralization of HNO3(aq)byCa(OH)2(aq)....Problem 16PE:
Write molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for the reaction of (a) HClwithKOH and (b) barium...Problem 17PE:
Write molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for the reaction of the weak base methyl- amine,...Problem 19PE:
Write molecular equations for the stepwise neutralization of arsenic acid by sodium hydroxide. What...Problem 20PE:
Practice Exercise 4.20
Knowing char salts of the formate ion, , are water soluble, predict the...Problem 25PE:
Practice Exercise 4.25 What is the molarity of a solution made using 2.75 g of Kl dissolved in...Problem 26PE:
Practice Exercise 4.26
If a reaction requires 0.142 moles of , how many milliliters of are needed?...Problem 27PE:
Practice Exercise 4.27 A student measured 175 mL of 0.250 MHCl solution into a beaker. How many...Problem 28PE:
Suppose you wanted to prepare 50 mL of 0.2MSr(NO3)2 solution. Using the kind of approximate...Problem 32PE:
Practice Exercise 4.32
How many milliliters of water have to be added to 150 mL of to reduce the...Problem 33PE:
How many milliliters of 0.0475MH3PO4 could be completely neutralized by 45.0 mL of 0.100 M KOH? The...Problem 36PE:
In a solution of Na3PO4, the PO43 concentration was determined to be 0.250 M. What was the sodium...Problem 37PE:
Suppose 18.4 mL of 0.100 M AgNO3 solution was needed to react completely with 20.5 mL of CaCl2...Problem 38PE:
How many milliliters of 0.500 M KOH are needed to react completely with 60.0 mL of 0.250 MFeCl2...Problem 39PE:
Practice Exercise 4.39
A solution containing was treated with 0.150 M solution until all the...Problem 40PE:
When 35.00 mL of Na2CO3 was reacted with 29.06 mL of a 0.125MCaCl2 solution, all of the carbonate...Problem 41PE:
In a titration, a sample of H2SO4 solution having a volume of 15.00 mL required 36.42 mL of...Problem 42PE:
Practice Exercise 4.42
“Stomach acid” is a hydrochloric acid solution. A sample of stomach acid...Problem 43PE:
A sample of a mixture containing CaCl2andMgCl2 weighed 2.000 g. The sample was dissolved in water,...Problem 1RQ:
Define: (a) solvent, (b) solute, (c) concentration.Problem 2RQ:
4.2 Describe: (a) concentrated, (b) dilute, (c) saturated, (d) unsaturated, (e) supersaturated, (f)...Problem 4RQ:
Describe what will happen if a crystal of sugar is added to (a) a saturated sugar solution, (b) a...Problem 5RQ:
What is the meaning of the term precipitate? What condition must exist for a precipitate to form...Problem 8RQ:
Which compounds are likely to be electrolytes and which are likely to be nonelectrolytes? , iron(II)...Problem 10RQ:
Define dissociation as it applies to ionic compounds that dissolve in water. Why dont strong bases...Problem 11RQ:
How can you tell that the following is a net ionic equation? Al3+(aq)+3OH-(aq)Al(OH)3(s)Problem 12RQ:
What two conditions must be fulfilled by a balanced ionic equation? The following equation is nor...Problem 14RQ:
4.14 If you believed a solution was basic, which color litmus paper (blue or pink) would you use to...Problem 15RQ:
How did Arrhenius define an acid and a base?Problem 16RQ:
How does ionization differ from dissociation?Problem 18RQ:
4.18 Which of the following oxides would yield an acidic solution when they react with water? Which...Problem 19RQ:
4.19 What is a dynamic equilibrium? Using acetic acid as an example. describe why all the molecules...Problem 20RQ:
4.20 Why don’t we use double arrows in the equation for the reaction of a strong acid with water?
Problem 21RQ:
Which of the following are strong acids? (a)HCN,(b)HNO3,(c)H2SO3,(d)HCl,(e)HCHO2,(f)HNO2Problem 23RQ:
Methylamine, CH3NH2, reacts with hydronium ions in very much the same manner as ammonia....Problem 24RQ:
A student was asked to draw the structure of the ion formed when propanoic acid (an organic acid...Problem 25RQ:
Would the molecule shown below be acidic or basic in water? What would you do to the structure to...Problem 27RQ:
Iodine, like chlorine, forms four oxoacids and one binary add. What arc the formulas and the names...Problem 29RQ:
Explain how the two acid salts of phosphoric acids are formed from the reaction of H3PO4withNaOH,...Problem 30RQ:
What factors lead to the existence of a net ionic equation in a reaction between ions?Problem 32RQ:
Silver bromide is insoluble. What does this mean about the concentrations of Ag+andBr- in a...Problem 34RQ:
What is the definition of molarity? Show that the ratio of millimoles (mmol) to milliliters (mL) is...Problem 35RQ:
A solution is labeled 0.25MHCl. Construct two conversion factors that relate moles of HCl to the...Problem 37RQ:
4.37 When a solution labeled is diluted with water to give , what happens to the number of moles of...Problem 38RQ:
Two bottles, A and B, are labeled 0.100MCaCl2and0.200MCaCl2, respectively. Both solutions in the...Problem 41RQ:
Describe each of the following: (a) buret, (b) titration, (c) titrant, and (d) end point.Problem 42RQ:
What is the function of an indicator in a titration? What color is phenolphthalein in (a) an acidic...Problem 45RQ:
Write equations for the dissociation of the following in water: (a)LiF,(b)KMnO4, (c) potassium...Problem 46RQ:
Write equations for the dissociation of the following in water: (a)CaCl2,(b)(NH4)2SO4, (c) sodium...Problem 49RQ:
The following equation shows the formation of cobalt(II) hydroxide, a compound used to improve the...Problem 51RQ:
Pure HClO4 is a molecular substance. In water it is a strong acid. Write an equation for its...Problem 53RQ:
Pure HI is a gas at room temperature and reacts with water as a strong acid. Write an equation for...Problem 54RQ:
When chloric acid reacts with water, it reacts as a strong acid. Write an equation for this...Problem 55RQ:
Hydrazine is a toxic substance that can form when household ammonia is mixed with a bleach such as...Problem 56RQ:
Pyridine. C5H5N, is a fishy-smelling compound used as an intermediate in making insecticides. It is...Problem 57RQ:
Nitrous acid, HNO2, is a weak acid that can form when sodium nitrite, a meat preservative, reacts...Problem 58RQ:
Pentanoic acid, HC5H9O2, is found in a plant called valerian, which cats seem to like almost as much...Problem 59RQ:
Atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves in raindrops, resulting in a solution of carbonic acid that...Problem 60RQ:
Arsenic acid, H3AsO4, is a very toxic weak acid. It undergoes ionization in three steps. Write...Problem 61RQ:
4.61 Name these acids: (a) , (b) .
Problem 62RQ:
4.62 Name these acids: (a) , (b) .
Problem 65RQ:
For the acids in Problem 4.63, name the ions formed by removing a hydrogen ion (H+) from each acid.Problem 66RQ:
For the acids in Problem 4.64, name the ions formed by removing a hydrogen ion (H+) from each acid.Problem 68RQ:
Write the formula for (a) permanganic acid, (b) sulfurous acid, and (c) dichromic add.Problem 71RQ:
4.71 Name the following oxoacids and give the names and formulas of the salts formed from them by...Problem 72RQ:
Name the following oxoacids and give the names and formulas of the salts formed from them by...Problem 78RQ:
Potassium stearate, KC18H36O2, is an effective soap for washing your hands or clothes. What acid is...Problem 79RQ:
Use the solubility rules to decide which compounds are soluble in water. (a) Ca(NO3)2 (d) silver...Problem 80RQ:
Predict which compounds are soluble in water. (a) HgBr2 (d) ammonium phosphate (b) Sr(NO3)2 (e)...Problem 81RQ:
4.81 Complete and balance the following molecular equations, being careful to apply the solubility...Problem 82RQ:
Complete and balance the following molecular equations, being careful to apply the solubility rules....Problem 83RQ:
Write the molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for the reaction between NaClandAgNO3 solutions...Problem 84RQ:
4.84 Write the molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for the aqueous reaction between that...Problem 85RQ:
4.85 Aqueous solutions of sodium sulfide and copper(II) nitrate are mixed. A precipitate of...Problem 86RQ:
If an aqueous solution of iron(III) sulfate (a compound used in dyeing textiles and also for etching...Problem 87RQ:
Complete and balance the following equations. For each, write the molecular, ionic, and net ionic...Problem 88RQ:
Complete and balance the following equations. For each, write the molecular, ionic, and net ionic...Problem 89RQ:
How would the electrical conductivity of a solution of barium hydroxide change as a solution of...Problem 90RQ:
How would the electrical conductivity of a solution of acetic acid change as a solution of ammonia...Problem 93RQ:
Sodium sulfide and hydrochloric acid react to form a gas. Write the balanced molecular and net ionic...Problem 94RQ:
Write the balanced molecular and net ionic equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and...Problem 95RQ:
Explain why the following reactions take place. (a) CrCl3+3NaOHCr(OH)3+3NaCl (b) ZnO+2HBrZnBr2+H2OProblem 97RQ:
Complete and balance the molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for the following reactions. (a)...Problem 98RQ:
4.98 Complete and balance the molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for the following...Problem 99RQ:
Write balanced molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for the following pairs of reactants. If...Problem 100RQ:
4.100 Write balanced molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for the following pairs of reactants....Problem 101RQ:
Choose reactants that would yield the following net ionic equations. Write molecular equations for...Problem 102RQ:
Suppose that you wanted to prepare copper(II) carbonate by a precipitation reaction involving Cu2+...Problem 103RQ:
Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving (a) 0.17 mol sulfuric add in 85 mL of...Problem 104RQ:
4.104 Calculate the molarity of a solution that contains
(a) mol cobalt(II) sulfate in 35.0 mL of...Problem 105RQ:
Calculate the molality of a solution prepared by dissolving (a) 4.00 g of sodium hydroxide in a...Problem 106RQ:
Calculate the molarity of a solution that contains (a) 3.60 g of sulfuric acid in 450.0 mL of...Problem 109RQ:
Calculate the number of grams of each solute that has to be taken to make each of the following...Problem 110RQ:
How many grams of solute are needed to make each of the following solutions? (a) 250.0 mL of 0.100 M...Problem 111RQ:
If 25.0 mL of 0.56 M H2SO4 is diluted to a volume of 125 mL, what is the molarity of the resulting...Problem 112RQ:
A 150 mL sample of 0.450 M HNO3 is diluted to 450 mL. What is the molarity of the resulting...Problem 115RQ:
How many milliliters of water must he added to 150.0 mL of 2.50 M KOH to give a 1.00 Absolution?...Problem 116RQ:
How many milliliters of water must be added to 120.0mLof1.50MHCl to give 1.00MHCl? (Assume the...Problem 117RQ:
4.117 Calculate the number of moles of each of the ions in the following solutions.
(a)
(b) ,
Problem 119RQ:
4.119 Calculate the concentrations of each of the ions in .
Problem 120RQ:
Calculate the concentrations of each of the ions in...Problem 121RQ:
In a solution of A12(SO4)3theAl3+ concentration is 0.125 M. How many grams of Al2(SO4)3 are in 50.0...Problem 122RQ:
4.122 In a solution of concentration is 0.0556 M. How many grams of are in 225 mL of this...Problem 123RQ:
How many milliliters of 0.258 M NiCl2 solution are needed to react completely with 20.0 mL of 0.153...Problem 124RQ:
How many milliliters of 0.100 M NaOH are needed to completely neutralize 25.0 mL of 0.250MH2CH4O6?...Problem 125RQ:
What is the molarity of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide if 21.34 mL is exactly...Problem 126RQ:
What is the molarity of an aqueous phosphoric acid solution if 12.88 mL is completely neutralized by...Problem 128RQ:
4.128 How many grams of baking soda, , are needed to react with 162 mL of stomach acid having an HCl...Problem 129RQ:
How many milliliters of 0.150MFeCl3 solution are needed to react completely with 20.0 mL of 0.0450 M...Problem 130RQ:
4.130 How many grams of cobalt(II) chloride are needed to react completely with 60.0 mL of 0.200 M...Problem 131RQ:
Consider the reaction of aluminum chloride with silver acetate. How many milliliters of 0.250 M...Problem 132RQ:
How many milliliters of ammonium sulfate solution having a concentration of 0.250 M are needed to...Problem 133RQ:
Suppose that 4.00 g of solid Fe2O3 is added to 25.0 mL of 0.500 M HCl solution. What will the...Problem 134RQ:
Suppose 3.50 g of solid Mg(OH)2 is added to 30.0 mL of 0.500 M H2SO4 solution. What will the...Problem 135RQ:
In a titration, 23.25 mL of 0.105 M NaOH was needed to react with 21.45 mL of HCl solution. What is...Problem 136RQ:
A 12.5 mL sample of vinegar, containing acetic acid, was titrated using 0.504 M NaOH solution. The...Problem 137RQ:
4.137 Lactic acid, , is a monoprotic acid that forms when milk sours. An 18.5 mL sample of a...Problem 138RQ:
4.138 Oxalic acid, a diprotic acid having the formula , is used to clean the rust out of radiators...Problem 139RQ:
A certain lead ore contains the compound PbCO3. A sample of the ore weighing l.526 g was treated...Problem 140RQ:
An ore of barium contains BaCO3. A 1.542 g sample of the ore was treated with HCl to dissolve the...Problem 141RQ:
If a solution of sodium phosphate (also known as trisodium phosphate, or TSP), Na3PO4, is poured...Problem 143RQ:
Suppose that 25.0 mL of 0.440MNaCl is added to 25.0 mL of 0.320MAgNO3. (a) How many moles of AgCl...Problem 144RQ:
A mixture is prepared by adding 25.0 mL of 0.185 M Na3PO4to34.0mLof0.140MCa(NO3)2. (a) What mass of...Problem 145RQ:
Classify each of the following as a strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, or nonelectrolyte....Problem 146RQ:
Aspirin is a monoprotic acid called acetylsalicylic acid. Its formula is HC9H7O4. A certain pain...Problem 147RQ:
In an experiment, 40.0 mL of 0.270 M barium hydroxide was mixed with 25.0 mL of 0.330 M aluminum...Problem 148RQ:
4.148 How many milliliters of 0.10MHCl must be added to 50.0 mL of 0.40MHCl to give a final solution...Problem 149RQ:
4.149 Write an equation for the reaction of sodium hydroxide with the chloride salt of the cation...Problem 150RQ:
*4.150 Magnesium sulfate forms a hydrate known as Epsom salts. A student dissolved 1.24 g of this...Problem 151RQ:
Qualitative analysis of an unknown acid found only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. In a quantitative...Problem 152RQ:
*4.152 A mixture was known to contain both . To 0.486 g of the mixture, dissolved in enough water to...Problem 153RQ:
*4.153 A 25.0 mL sample of vinegar with a density of , containing acetic acid, was titrated using ...Problem 155RQ:
4.155 Compare the advantages and disadvantages of performing a titration using the mass of the...Problem 156RQ:
What kinds of experiments could you perform to measure the solubility of a substance in water?...Problem 157RQ:
Describe experiments, both qualitative and quantitative, that you could perform to show that lead...Problem 159RQ:
A white substance was known to be either magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, or zinc oxide. A...Problem 160RQ:
A steel cylinder with a diameter of 10.0 cm and a length of 30.0 cm was coated with a thin layer of...Problem 161RQ:
Suppose a classmate doubted that an equilibrium really exists between acetic acid and its ions in an...Browse All Chapters of This Textbook
Chapter 0 - A Very Brief History Of ChemistrChapter 1 - Scientific MeasurementChapter 2 - Elements, Compounds, And The Periodic TableChapter 3 - The Mole And StoichiometryChapter 4 - Molecular View Of Reactions In Aqueous SolutionsChapter 5 - Oxidation–reduction ReactionChapter 6 - Energy And Chemical ChangeChapter 7 - The Quantum Mechanical AtomChapter 8 - The Basics Of Chemical BondingChapter 9 - Theories Of Bonding And Structure
Chapter 10 - Properties Of GasesChapter 11 - Intermolecular Attractions And The Properties Of Liquids And SolidsChapter 12 - Mixtures At The Molecular Level: Properties Of SolutionsChapter 13 - Chemical KineticChapter 14 - Chemical EquilibriumChapter 15 - Acids And Bases, A Molecular LookChapter 16 - Acid–base Equilibria In Aqueous SolutionsChapter 17 - Solubility And Simultaneous EquilibriaChapter 18 - ThermodynamicsChapter 19 - ElectrochemistryChapter 20 - Nuclear Reactions And Their Role In ChemistryChapter 21 - Metal ComplexesChapter 22 - Organic Compounds, Polymers, And Biochemicals
Sample Solutions for this Textbook
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Chapter 0, Problem 1PEChapter 1, Problem 1PEChapter 2, Problem 1PEChapter 3, Problem 1PEa) CaI2 CaI2 consists of calcium and iodine atoms. Calcium is in the group 2A and has a charge of 2+...Chapter 5, Problem 1PEGiven information: The pudding contains 140 Cal per serving. Nutritional calories are related to...Chapter 7, Problem 1PEChapter 8, Problem 1PE
Chapter 9, Problem 1PEGaseous molecules have a very weak force of attraction within them; therefore they are free to move...The graph is as: As the intensity of the attractive force is reduced constantly, the variation in...Chapter 12, Problem 1PEChapter 13, Problem 1PEChapter 14, Problem 1PEChapter 15, Problem 1PEGiven information: The molarity of the hydronium ion is 12 M. The moles of HCl in the solution is 12...Chapter 17, Problem 1PEChapter 18, Problem 1PEChapter 19, Problem 1PEGiven information: The rest mass of tennis ball is 57.7 g. The mass of the tennis ball is calculated...The most common oxidation state of silver Ag is +1 is when it loses one electron and becomes Ag+...a) The molecular formula of the given organic compound consists of 6 carbon atoms and 14 hydrogen...
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