Browse All Chapters of This Textbook
Chapter 1 - Thinking Like An AstronomerChapter 1.1 - Earth Occupies A Small Place In The UniverseChapter 1.2 - Science Is A Way Of Viewing The UniverseChapter 1.3 - Astronomers Use Mathematics To Find PatternsChapter 2 - Patterns In The Sky-motions Of Earth And The MoonChapter 2.1 - Earth Spins On Its AxisChapter 2.2 - Revolution About The Sun Leads To Changes During The YearChapter 2.3 - The Moon's Appearanace Changes As It Orbits EarthChapter 2.4 - Calendars Are Based On The Day, Month, And YearChapter 2.5 - Eclipses Result From The Alignment Of Earth, The Moon And The Sun
Chapter 3 - Motion Of Astronomical BodiesChapter 3.1 - The Motions Of Planets In The SkyChapter 3.2 - Kepler's Laws Describe Planetary MotionChapter 3.3 - Galileo's Observations Supported The Heliocentric ModelChapter 3.4 - Newton's Three Laws Help Explain How Celestial Bodies MoveChapter 4 - Gravity And OrbitsChapter 4.1 - Gravity Is An Attractive Force Between ObjectsChapter 4.2 - An Orbit Is One Body "falling Around" AnotherChapter 4.3 - Tidal Forces Are Caused By GravityChapter 4.4 - Tidal Forces Affect Solid BodiesChapter 5 - LightChapter 5.1 - Light Brings Us The News Of The UniverseChapter 5.2 - The Quantum View Of Matter Explains Spectral LinesChapter 5.3 - The Doppler Shift Indicates Motion Toward Or Away From UsChapter 5.4 - Temperature Affects The Spectrum Of Light That An Object EmitsChapter 5.5 - The Brightness Of Light Depends On The Luminosity And Distance Of The SourceChapter 6 - The Tools Of The AstronomerChapter 6.1 - The Optical Telescope Revolutionized AstronomyChapter 6.2 - Optical And Instruments Used With TelescopesChapter 6.3 - Astronomers Observe In Wavelengths Beyond The VisibleChapter 6.4 - Planetary Spacecraft Explore The Solar SystemChapter 6.5 - Other Tools Contribute To The Study Of The UniverseChapter 7 - The Formation Of Planetary SystemsChapter 7.1 - Planetary Systems Form Around A StarChapter 7.2 - The Solar System Began With A DiskChapter 7.3 - The Inner Disk And Outer Disk Formed At Different TemperaturesChapter 7.4 - The Formation Of Our Solar SystemChapter 7.5 - Planetary Systems Are CommonChapter 8 - The Terrestrial Planets And Earth's MoonChapter 8.1 - Impacts Help Shape The Evolution Of The PlanetsChapter 8.2 - Radioactive Dating Tells Us The Age Of The Moon And The Solar SystemChapter 8.3 - The Surface Of A Terrestrial Planet Is Affected By Processes In The InteriorChapter 8.4 - Planetary Surfaces Evolve Through TectonismChapter 8.5 - Volcanism Signifies A Geologically Active PlanetChapter 8.6 - The Geological Evidence For WaterChapter 9 - Atmosphere Of The Terrestrial PlanetsChapter 9.1 - Atmospheres Change Over TimeChapter 9.2 - Secondary Atmospheres EvolveChapter 9.3 - Earth's Atmosphere Has Detailed StructureChapter 9.4 - The Atmospheres Of Venus And Mars Differ From Earth'sChapter 9.5 - Greenhouse Gases Affect Global ClimatesChapter 10 - Worlds Of Gas And Liquid - The Giant PlanetsChapter 10.1 - The Giant Planets Are Large, Cold, And MassiveChapter 10.2 - The Giant Planets Have Clouds And WeatherChapter 10.3 - The Interiors Of The Giant Planets Are Hot And DenseChapter 10.4 - The Giant Planets Are Magnetic PowerhousesChapter 10.5 - The Planets Of Our Solar System Might Not Be TypicalChapter 11 - Planetary Moons And RingsChapter 11.1 - Many Solar System Planets Have MoonsChapter 11.2 - Some Moons Have Geological Activity And WaterChapter 11.3 - Rings Surround The Giant PlanetsChapter 11.4 - Ring Systems Have A Complex StructureChapter 12 - Dwarf Planets And Small Solar System BodiesChapter 12.1 - Dwarf Planets May Outnumber PlanetsChapter 12.2 - Asteroids Are Pieces Of The PastChapter 12.3 - Comets Are Clumps Of IceChapter 12.4 - Meteorites Are Remnants Of The Early Solar SystemChapter 12.5 - Comet And Asteroid Collisions Still Happen TodayChapter 13 - Taking The Measures Of StarsChapter 13.1 - Astronomers Measure The Distance, Brightness, And Lumoinosity Of StarsChapter 13.2 - Astronomers Can Determine The Temperature, Size, And Composition Of StarsChapter 13.3 - Measuring The Masses Of Stars In Binary SystemsChapter 13.4 - The Hertzsprung-russell Diagrams Is The Key To Understanding StarsChapter 14 - Our Star-the SunChapter 14.1 - The Sun Is Powered By Nuclear FusionChapter 14.2 - Energy Is Transferred From The Interior Of The SunChapter 14.3 - The Atmosphere Of The SunChapter 14.4 - The Atmosphere Of The Sun Is Very ActiveChapter 15 - The Interstellar Medium And Star FormationChapter 15.1 - The Interstellar Medium Fills The Space Between The StarsChapter 15.2 - Molecular Clouds Are The Cradles Of Star FormationChapter 15.3 - Formation And Evolution Of ProtostarsChapter 15.4 - Evolution Before The Main SequenceChapter 16 - Evolution Of Low-mass StarsChapter 16.1 - The Life Of A Main-sequence Star Depends On Its MassChapter 16.3 - Helium Fuses In The Degenerate CoreChapter 16.4 - Dying Stars Shed Their Outer LayersChapter 16.5 - Bianry Star EvolutionChapter 17 - Evolution Of High-mass StarsChapter 17.1 - High-mass Stars Follow Their Own PathChapter 17.2 - High-mass Stars Go Out With A BangChapter 17.3 - The Spectacle And Legacy Of SupernovaeChapter 17.4 - Star Clusters Are Snapshots Of Stellar EvolutionChapter 18 - Relativity And Black HolesChapter 18.1 - Relative Motion Affects Measured VelocitiesChapter 18.2 - Special Relativity Explains How Time And Space Are RelatedChapter 18.3 - Gravity Is A Distortion Of SpacetimeChapter 18.4 - Black HolesChapter 19 - GalaxiesChapter 19.1 - Galaxies Come In Different Shapes And SizesChapter 19.2 - Astronomers Use Several Methods To Find Distances To GalaxiesChapter 19.3 - Galaxies Are Mostly Dark MatterChapter 19.4 - Most Galaxies Have A Supermassive Black Hole At The CenterChapter 20 - The Milky Way-a Normal Spiral GalaxyChapter 20.1 - Astronomers Have Measured The Size And Structure Of The Milky WayChapter 20.2 - The Components Of The Milky Way Reveals Its EvolutionChapter 20.3 - Most Of The Milky Way Is UnseenChapter 20.4 - The History And Future Of The Milky WayChapter 21 - The Expanding UniverseChapter 21.1 - The Cosmological PrincipleChapter 21.2 - The Universe Began In The Big BangChapter 21.3 - Expansion Is Described With A Scale FactorChapter 21.4 - Astronomers Observe Cosmic Microwave Background RadiationChapter 22 - CosmologyChapter 22.1 - Gravity And The Expansion Of The UniverseChapter 22.2 - The Accelerating UniverseChapter 22.3 - Inflation Solves Several Problems In CosmologyChapter 22.4 - The Earliest Moments Of The Universe Connect The Very Largest Size Scales To The Very SmallestChapter 22.5 - String Theory And MultiversesChapter 23 - Large-scale Structure In The UniverseChapter 23.1 - Galaxies Form Groups Clusters, And Larger StructuresChapter 23.2 - Gravity Forms Large-scale StructureChapter 23.3 - First Light Of Stars And GalaxiesChapter 23.4 - Galaxies EvolveChapter 24 - LifeChapter 24.1 - Life Evolves On EarthChapter 24.2 - Life Involves Complex Chemical ProcessesChapter 24.3 - Where Do Astronomers Look For Life ?Chapter 24.4 - Scientists Are Searching For Signs Of Intelligent Life
Sample Solutions for this Textbook
We offer sample solutions for 21st Century Astronomy 6E homework problems. See examples below:
Earth revolves around the Sun, and the diameter of sun is about 109 times greater than the diameter...Constellations are the group of stars which makes some visible pattern or picture of known object in...Empirical science is based on information obtained from observation through experimental work. It is...Write the formula for Newton’s Universal Law of Gravity Fgrav=G×M1M2r2 Here, Fgrav is the force due...The time taken by sunlight to reach the Earth is, t=distance between Earth and Sunvelocity The...Write the relation between speed of signal, frequency of signal and wavelength of signal. c=νλ (I)...The black body temperature of a planet is given by, T=[Lsun(1−a)16πσ]141d (I) Here, T is the...Light gathering power of a telescope is proportional to the square of aperture. P∼π(D2)2 Here, P is...A planetary system is a system of planets, their moons and other smaller objects in orbit around a...
Write the expression for the sum of the mass of the eight planets in our Solar System,...Four principal geological processes that constantly reshape the terrestrial planets are impact,...The chronological order of the formation and evolution of earth is, Hydrogen and helium are captured...Convection is the process in which heat is transferred to the surroundings. In this process, hot air...The moons are categorized in several manners in order to have a pattern of their study. The...The surface of the moon Io is considered to be perfectly spherical. Write the expression for the...The tidal force is the gravitational interaction felt by a celestial body towards and away from its...As the solar system formed, there were a huge number of planetesimals formed along with the...Write the expression for the Kepler’s law for the time period of a celestial body around the planet....The time period of the Earth around the sun is 1 year and the distance for the Earth from the sun is...The Halley’s Comet was first observed in the sky in 240 BCE. The time since the first appearance of...Write the equation for the brightness of a star. B= L4πd2L = B× 4πd2 (I) Here, B is the brightness...Sun’s interior comprises of zones defined by the means of energy transportation in that region. By...Interstellar medium is the matter exists between the star systems in the galaxy includes dusts,...The life time of the main sequence stars are depend on the mass of the main sequence stars. The...In terms of solar units, the luminosity law is given by, L(LO)=R(RO)2T(TO)4 Here, L(LO) is the...High-mass stars are stars with masses greater than about eight times mass of the Sun. As a high-mass...The massive stars are formed within dense clouds of dust and gas located in the interstellar medium...Spiral galaxy is a type of galaxy that is characterized by spiral arms, and these spiral arms lie in...A globular cluster is a spherical collection of stars that orbits a galactic core. Globular clusters...The meaning of word homogeneous is same in all locations. Based on cosmological principle the...According to Einstein's theory of General Relativity, space itself can be considered to be, cured by...A star is considered to be the fundamental part of the galaxy. A star has several planets revolving...At some point when both the studies, of life and astronomy are interrelated to each other, it is...
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