What is fiber optics?

Fiber optics is a technology used to transmit the facts such as light or pulses with fiber or plastic over long distances. Visual fibers are about the width of a human hair strand and, when tied directly to a fiber-optic cable, can transmit multiple long-distance records and faster in different ways.

What is the principle of fiber optics?

Optical fiber uses the optical system for "total internal reflection" to capture the light transmitted by optical fiber and block light at the center of the fiber connection. The optical fiber consists of a core that holds the light in the center, surrounded by a cladding that captures light in the center.

Working mechanism of fiber optics

Fiber optics transmit data in the form of light particles - or photons - that strike the dark fiber optic cable. The glass optical fiber in the middle and each cladding have a distinct refractive index that bends incoming light at a particular angle.

When light signals are transmitted through a fiber optic cable, they appear inside the center and close the zig-zag series, following a method known as overall internal reflection. Light signals do not travel at the speed of light due to the thick layers of glass, as an alternative, they are 30% slower than the speed of light.

With a purpose to replace, or improve, a sign for the duration of its journey, fiber optics transmission sometimes requires repeaters at lengthy distances. These repeat the optical signal by means of changing it to an electronic signal, processing that electronic signal, and transmitting the optical signal.

Fiber optic cables at the moment are able to support up to 10 Gbps signals. Often, as the bandwidth capacity of the fiber optic cable will increase, it turns into greater expense.

Fiber internet

Fiber optic internet normally referred to as fiber internet or simply “fiber connection,” is a broadband connection that can attain speeds of as much as 940 Megabits consistent with 2d (Mbps), at a slower tempo. The generation makes use of a fiber optic internet cable, which can transmit information at a pace of as much as 70% of light velocity. In addition, fiber optic internet cables are less at risk of adverse weather situations than other common types of cables, which help reduce wear. It additionally withstands power outages in fiber internet.

Fiber internet works by separating files such as movies and video games into zero real packets and others. The laser illuminates this Morse code signal in a single plastic or glass strip. A “wire” is as strong as a single strand of human hair-thin

A unique shell called cladding retains a ray of light on the fiber connection. The bump comes off the walls 60 miles away and comes out of another stop where the modem decides the light into a position that the computer can use.

Fiber optics cable

Fiber optic cable is a network cable that contains optical fiber strips inside a closed box. It is designed for long data network, high performance, and communication. Compared to embedded cables, fiber optic cables offer higher bandwidth and transmit data over long distances. Fiber optic cables support most of the global network of cable, cable tv, and telephone systems.

Working mechanism of fiber optics cable

Fiber optics cable, or optical cable are long thin strands of glass that are carefully crafted to the extent of human hair. These strands are organized into bundles called strands. We rely on them to transmit light signals over long distances.

Within the destination, light signals are encrypted with information, the same data is seen on a computer screen. Therefore, the optical fiber transmits "facts" through light at the receiving end, where the light signal is defined as data. Therefore, fiber optics is a true means of transmission - a "pipe" for handling long-distance signals at very high speeds.

Fiber optic cables technology were first developed in the 1950's for use in endoscopes. The goal was to help doctors evaluate the inside of a human patient without major surgery. During the 1960's, telephone engineers realized how to use the same technology to transmit and receive calls at "faster speeds".

Use of optical cable in fiber optics

The basic fiber optics method is a thin optical fiber sometimes made of plastic but usually made of glass. Normal optical fiberglass has a diameter of 125 micrometers (μm), or 0.125 mm (0.005 inches). This is actually the width of the cladding or the outer reflective layer. The core, or internal transfer cylinder, may have a minimum diameter of 10 μm. Through a process known as complete indoor exposure, fiber-illuminated light rays (laser) can be transmitted over long distances by significantly smaller reductions, or shrinkage.

In 1966, electrical engineers Charles Kao and George Holkham, who worked in England, suggested the use of wires for telecommunications, and within two decades the strands of glass were so clean that infrared light could travel up to 60 miles or more outside. For the development of repeaters in 2009 Kao was awarded the Nobel prize in physics for his work. Plastic fibers, usually made of polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene, or polycarbonate, are cheaper to produce and more flexible than glass fibers, but their high reduction in light limits their use in very short connections within buildings or vehicles.

Application of fiber optics

Fiber optic cables are widely used in a wide variety of industries and applications. Some use of fiber optic cables include:

• Medical- used as a simple guide, photographic equipment and as a laser.

• Self-defense / government- used as hydrophones for earthquake waves, sonar and laser, such as copper cables for aircraft, submarines and other vehicles and in addition for field communication.

• Data storage- used for data transfer.

• Communication- fiber is deposited and used for transmitting and receiving targets.

• Network- used to connect users and servers to various fiber-optic network settings and to help increase the speed and accuracy of data transfer.

• Industrial / commercial- it is used to take pictures in hard-to-reach areas, such as cables where emi is a problem, such as sensor devices for temperature, pressure and other measurements, and as cables for motors and industrial settings.

• Broadcast / tv- broadcast / cable companies use fiber optic cables to install tv cables, hdtv, internet, much- video and other packages.

Fiber optic cables are used to illuminate and photograph as well as sensors and laser for measuring and monitoring a wide range of variables. Fiber optic cables are also used in research and development and testing in all the industries.

Common Mistakes

• In case multimode fiber optics is required, do not use the single mode.
• Student who lacks any knowledge about fiber optic can make mistake in their connection.

Context and Applications

In each of the expert exams for undergraduate and graduate publications, this topic is huge and is mainly used for:

• Bachelor of technology in the electrical and electronic department
• Bachelor of science in physics
• Master of science in physics

 Related Concepts

• Geometrical optics.
• Physical optics.
• Quantum optics.

Practice Problems

Question 1. Optical fiber uses the optical system for __________.

1. total internal reflection
2. total outer reflection
3. both
4. none of these

Correct option- (a)

Explanation- optical fiber uses the optical system for "total internal reflection" to capture the light transmitted by optical fiber and block light at the center of the fiber.

Question 2. Fiber optics bandwidth is_______.

1. 40 tbps
2. 50 tbps
3. 60 tbps
4. 70 tbps

Correct option- (c)

Explanation- Fiber optics bandwidth is  60 tbps.

Question3. Fiber optics cable capacity is____________.

1. 10 gbps
2. 20 gbps
3. 30 gbps
4. 40 gbps

Correct option- (a)

Explanation- Fiber optics cable are now able to support 10 gbps.

Question 4. Two type are fiber optics cable is _______.

1. multimode
2. single-mode
3. both
4. none of these

Correct option- (c)

Explanation- Multimode fiber and single-mode fiber both are the type of fiber optics.

Question 5. The single fiber optics cable can support ____________ cables.

1. 500
2. 1000
3. 200
4. 2000

Correct option- (b)

Explanation-The fiber optics of single strand can support up-to 1000 cables.