Videos
(a)
Interpretation:
The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.
Concept introduction:
Most of the trivial names of
For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.
To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other
(b)
Interpretation:
The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.
Concept introduction:
Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.
For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.
To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.
(c)
Interpretation:
The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.
Concept introduction:
Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.
For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.
To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.
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Chapter E Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles And Mechanisms (second Edition)
- A student proposes the transformation below in one step of an organic synthesis. There may be one or more reactants missing from the left-hand side, but there are no products missing from the right-hand side. There may also be catalysts, small inorganic reagents, and other important reaction conditions missing from the arrow. • Is the student's transformation possible? If not, check the box under the drawing area. . If the student's transformation is possible, then complete the reaction by adding any missing reactants to the left-hand side, and adding required catalysts, inorganic reagents, or other important reaction conditions above and below the arrow. • You do not need to balance the reaction, but be sure every important organic reactant or product is shown. + T X O O лет-ле HO OH HO OH This transformation can't be done in one step.arrow_forwardDetermine the structures of the missing organic molecules in the following reaction: X+H₂O H* H+ Y OH OH Note: Molecules that share the same letter have the exact same structure. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic molecules X and Y. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X Sarrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction. If there aren't any products, because nothing will happen, check the box under the drawing area instead. No reaction. HO. O :☐ + G Na O.H Click and drag to start drawing a structure. XS xs H₂Oarrow_forward
- What are the angles a and b in the actual molecule of which this is a Lewis structure? H H C H- a -H b H Note for advanced students: give the ideal angles, and don't worry about small differences from the ideal groups may have slightly different sizes. a = b = 0 °arrow_forwardWhat are the angles a and b in the actual molecule of which this is a Lewis structure? :0: HCOH a Note for advanced students: give the ideal angles, and don't worry about small differences from the ideal that might be caused by the fact that different electron groups may have slightly different sizes. a = 0 b=0° Sarrow_forwardDetermine the structures of the missing organic molecules in the following reaction: + H₂O +H OH O OH +H OH X Note: Molecules that share the same letter have the exact same structure. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structure of the missing organic molecule X. Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forward
- Identify the missing organic reactant in the following reaction: x + x O OH H* + ☑- X H+ O O Х Note: This chemical equation only focuses on the important organic molecules in the reaction. Additional inorganic or small-molecule reactants or products (like H₂O) are not shown. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structure of the missing organic reactant X. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Carrow_forwardCH3O OH OH O hemiacetal O acetal O neither O 0 O hemiacetal acetal neither OH hemiacetal O acetal O neither CH2 O-CH2-CH3 CH3-C-OH O hemiacetal O acetal CH3-CH2-CH2-0-c-O-CH2-CH2-CH3 O neither HO-CH2 ? 000 Ar Barrow_forwardWhat would be the best choices for the missing reagents 1 and 3 in this synthesis? 1. PPh3 2 2. n-BuLi 3 Draw the missing reagents in the drawing area below. You can draw them in any arrangement you like. • Do not draw the missing reagent 2. If you draw 1 correctly, we'll know what it is. • Note: if one of your reagents needs to contain a halogen, use bromine. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forward
- Predict the products of this organic reaction: NaBH3CN + NH2 ? H+ Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ×arrow_forwardPredict the organic products that form in the reaction below: + OH +H H+ ➤ ☑ X - Y Note: You may assume you have an excess of either reactant if the reaction requires more than one of those molecules to form the products. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic products X and Y. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Garrow_forwardPredict the organic products that form in the reaction below: OH H+ H+ + ☑ Y Note: You may assume you have an excess of either reactant if the reaction requires more than one of those molecules to form the products. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic products X and Y. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ✓ marrow_forward
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