Chapter D, Problem D.7P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to be determined and explained if the nucleophilic addition step between ${\text{HO}}^{\text{-}}$ and ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COCl}$ will be allowed if ${\text{HO}}^{\text{-}}$ were to approach the carbonyl C atom directly along the $\text{C=O}$ bond.

Concept introduction:

When two orbitals overlap with the same phases, constructive interference takes place. When two orbitals overlap with the opposite phases, destructive interference takes place. Constructive interference results in a new orbital that is more stable than the $\sigma$ bonding orbital, and destructive interference results in a new orbital that is less stable than the $p$ atomic orbital.