(a)
Interpretation:
The table for the analysis of the six bottles of wine of same variety for residue sugar is given below-
Bottle | Percent (w/v) Residual sugar |
1 | 0.99,0.84,1.02 |
2 | 1.02,1.13,1.17,1.02 |
3 | 1.25,1.32,1.13,1.20,1.12 |
4 | 0.72,0.77,0.61,0.58 |
5 | 0.90,0.92,0.73 |
6 | 0.70,0.88,0.72,0.73 |
The value of standard deviation for each set is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The formula for the calculation of mean and standard deviation can be calculated as follows:

Answer to Problem A1.9QAP
For bottle 1-
Standard deviation = 0.096
For bottle 2-
Standard deviation = 0.077
For bottle 3-
Standard deviation = 0.084
For bottle 4-
Standard deviation = 0.090
For bottle 5-
Standard deviation = 0.104
For bottle 6 −
Standard deviation = 0.083
Explanation of Solution
The formula for the calculation of the mean is given below-
For the set 1 -
So, the mean is −
Sample | ||
1 | 0.99 | 0.9801 |
2 | 0.84 | 0.7056 |
3 | 1.02 | 1.0404 |
The formula for the calculation of standard deviation is given as-
For the set 2 -
Sample | ||
1 | 1.02 | 1.0404 |
2 | 1.13 | 1.2769 |
3 | 1.17 | 1.3689 |
4 | 1.02 | 1.0404 |
So the mean is −
The formula for the calculation of standard deviation is given as-
For the set 3 -
Sample | ||
1 | 1.25 | 1.5625 |
2 | 1.32 | 1.7424 |
3 | 1.13 | 1.2769 |
4 | 1.20 | 1.44 |
5 | 1.12 | 1.2544 |
So the mean is −
The formula for the calculation of standard deviation is given as-
For the set 4 -
Sample | ||
1 | 0.72 | 0.5184 |
2 | 0.77 | 0.5929 |
3 | 0.61 | 0.3721 |
4 | 0.58 | 0.3364 |
So the mean is −
The formula for the calculation of standard deviation is given as-
For the set 5 -
Sample | ||
1 | 0.90 | 0.81 |
2 | 0.92 | 0.8464 |
3 | 0.73 | 0.5329 |
So the mean is −
The formula for the calculation of standard deviation is given as-
For the set 6 -
Sample | ||
1 | 0.70 | 0.49 |
2 | 0.88 | 0.7744 |
3 | 0.72 | 0.5184 |
4 | 0.73 | 0.5329 |
So the mean is −
The formula for the calculation of standard deviation is given as-
(b)
Interpretation:
The pooled data is to be determined for the absolute standard deviation for the given method.
Concept introduction:
The pooled value for the given data can be calculated using the following formula:

Answer to Problem A1.9QAP
The pooled value is 0.88%.
Explanation of Solution
The following formula will be used for the calculation of pooled value-
For bottle 1-
Mean = 0.95
Sum of squares = 0.0186
For bottle 2-
Mean = 1.085
Sum of squares = 0.0177
For bottle 3-
Mean = 1.024
Sum of squares = 0.02812
For bottle 4-
Mean = 0.67
Sum of squares = 0.0242
For bottle 5-
Mean = 0.85
Sum of squares = 0.02812
For bottle 6-
Mean = 0.7575
Sum of squares = 0.020475
Pooled value = 0.88%
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Chapter A1 Solutions
PRINCIPLES OF INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS
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