(a) Interpretation: The standard solution of methyl vinyl ketone results in the relative peak area of chromatograms which is shown below: Concentration MVK, mmol/L Relative Peak Area 0.500 3.76 1.50 9.16 2.50 15.03 3.50 20.42 4.50 25.33 5.50 31.97 The slope and the intercept of the least square line are to be determined. Concept introduction: The slope of a line is also known as a gradient of line which is used to define the direction and steepness of the line. The intercept line is the y-axis of a line at which point it crosses the X −axis.

Question

34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter A1, Problem A1.24QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The standard solution of methyl vinyl ketone results in the relative peak area of chromatograms which is shown below:

Concentration MVK, mmol/L Relative Peak Area

0.500 3.76

1.50 9.16

2.50 15.03

3.50 20.42

4.50 25.33

5.50 31.97

The slope and the intercept of the least square line are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The slope of a line is also known as a gradient of line which is used to define the direction and steepness of the line.

The intercept line is the y-axis of a line at which point it crosses the X −axis.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The graph for the least square line as well as experimental points is to be plotted.

Concept introduction:

The least-square method is a method in which the best result is obtained for the set data point by minimizing the sum of offset or residuals from the plot of curve statistically.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relative peak area of the sample containing MVK is 10.3. The concentration of MVK in the solution is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The slope of a line is also known as a gradient of line which is used to define the direction and steepness of the line.

The intercept line is the y-axis of a line at which point it crosses the X −axis.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

It is considered that the result obtained from (d) is representing the single measurement as well as the mean of four measurements. The respective absolute and relative standard deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The standard deviation method is used for the quantification of the amount of variation or for the dispersion for the set of the data values.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The calculation for the section (c) and (d) is to be repeated when the peak area of the sample is 22.8.

Concept introduction:

The standard deviation method is used for the quantification of the amount of variation or for the dispersion for the set of the data values.

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34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10

elow are experimentally determined van Deemter plots of column efficiency, H, vs. flow rate. H is a quantitative measurement of band broadening. The left plot is for a liquid chromatography application and the night is for gas chromatography. Compare and contrast these two plots in terms of the three band broadening mechanisms presented in this activity. How are they similar? How do they differ? Justify your answers.? 0.4 H (mm) 0.2 0.1- 0.3- 0 0.5 H (mm) 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0- 3.0 T +++ 1.0 1.5 0 2.0 4.0 Flow Rate, u (cm/s) 6.0 8.0 Flow Rate, u (cm/s)

Predict the products of this organic reaction: + H ZH NaBH3CN H+ n. ? Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter A1, Problem A1.24QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The standard solution of methyl vinyl ketone results in the relative peak area of chromatograms which is shown below:

Concentration MVK, mmol/L Relative Peak Area

0.500 3.76

1.50 9.16

2.50 15.03

3.50 20.42

4.50 25.33

5.50 31.97

The slope and the intercept of the least square line are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The slope of a line is also known as a gradient of line which is used to define the direction and steepness of the line.

The intercept line is the y-axis of a line at which point it crosses the X −axis.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The graph for the least square line as well as experimental points is to be plotted.

Concept introduction:

The least-square method is a method in which the best result is obtained for the set data point by minimizing the sum of offset or residuals from the plot of curve statistically.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relative peak area of the sample containing MVK is 10.3. The concentration of MVK in the solution is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The slope of a line is also known as a gradient of line which is used to define the direction and steepness of the line.

The intercept line is the y-axis of a line at which point it crosses the X −axis.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

It is considered that the result obtained from (d) is representing the single measurement as well as the mean of four measurements. The respective absolute and relative standard deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The standard deviation method is used for the quantification of the amount of variation or for the dispersion for the set of the data values.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The calculation for the section (c) and (d) is to be repeated when the peak area of the sample is 22.8.

Concept introduction:

The standard deviation method is used for the quantification of the amount of variation or for the dispersion for the set of the data values.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter A1, Problem A1.24QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The standard solution of methyl vinyl ketone results in the relative peak area of chromatograms which is shown below:

Concentration MVK, mmol/L Relative Peak Area

0.500 3.76

1.50 9.16

2.50 15.03

3.50 20.42

4.50 25.33

5.50 31.97

The slope and the intercept of the least square line are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The slope of a line is also known as a gradient of line which is used to define the direction and steepness of the line.

The intercept line is the y-axis of a line at which point it crosses the X −axis.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The graph for the least square line as well as experimental points is to be plotted.

Concept introduction:

The least-square method is a method in which the best result is obtained for the set data point by minimizing the sum of offset or residuals from the plot of curve statistically.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relative peak area of the sample containing MVK is 10.3. The concentration of MVK in the solution is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The slope of a line is also known as a gradient of line which is used to define the direction and steepness of the line.

The intercept line is the y-axis of a line at which point it crosses the X −axis.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

It is considered that the result obtained from (d) is representing the single measurement as well as the mean of four measurements. The respective absolute and relative standard deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The standard deviation method is used for the quantification of the amount of variation or for the dispersion for the set of the data values.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The calculation for the section (c) and (d) is to be repeated when the peak area of the sample is 22.8.

Concept introduction:

The standard deviation method is used for the quantification of the amount of variation or for the dispersion for the set of the data values.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter A1, Problem A1.24QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The standard solution of methyl vinyl ketone results in the relative peak area of chromatograms which is shown below:

Concentration MVK, mmol/L Relative Peak Area

0.500 3.76

1.50 9.16

2.50 15.03

3.50 20.42

4.50 25.33

5.50 31.97

The slope and the intercept of the least square line are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The slope of a line is also known as a gradient of line which is used to define the direction and steepness of the line.

The intercept line is the y-axis of a line at which point it crosses the X −axis.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The graph for the least square line as well as experimental points is to be plotted.

Concept introduction:

The least-square method is a method in which the best result is obtained for the set data point by minimizing the sum of offset or residuals from the plot of curve statistically.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relative peak area of the sample containing MVK is 10.3. The concentration of MVK in the solution is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The slope of a line is also known as a gradient of line which is used to define the direction and steepness of the line.

The intercept line is the y-axis of a line at which point it crosses the X −axis.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

It is considered that the result obtained from (d) is representing the single measurement as well as the mean of four measurements. The respective absolute and relative standard deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The standard deviation method is used for the quantification of the amount of variation or for the dispersion for the set of the data values.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The calculation for the section (c) and (d) is to be repeated when the peak area of the sample is 22.8.

Concept introduction:

The standard deviation method is used for the quantification of the amount of variation or for the dispersion for the set of the data values.

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Answer 5

Chapter A1, Problem A1.24QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The standard solution of methyl vinyl ketone results in the relative peak area of chromatograms which is shown below:

Concentration MVK, mmol/L Relative Peak Area

0.500 3.76

1.50 9.16

2.50 15.03

3.50 20.42

4.50 25.33

5.50 31.97

The slope and the intercept of the least square line are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The slope of a line is also known as a gradient of line which is used to define the direction and steepness of the line.

The intercept line is the y-axis of a line at which point it crosses the X −axis.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The graph for the least square line as well as experimental points is to be plotted.

Concept introduction:

The least-square method is a method in which the best result is obtained for the set data point by minimizing the sum of offset or residuals from the plot of curve statistically.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relative peak area of the sample containing MVK is 10.3. The concentration of MVK in the solution is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The slope of a line is also known as a gradient of line which is used to define the direction and steepness of the line.

The intercept line is the y-axis of a line at which point it crosses the X −axis.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

It is considered that the result obtained from (d) is representing the single measurement as well as the mean of four measurements. The respective absolute and relative standard deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The standard deviation method is used for the quantification of the amount of variation or for the dispersion for the set of the data values.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The calculation for the section (c) and (d) is to be repeated when the peak area of the sample is 22.8.

Concept introduction:

The standard deviation method is used for the quantification of the amount of variation or for the dispersion for the set of the data values.

Answer 6

Chapter A1, Problem A1.24QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The standard solution of methyl vinyl ketone results in the relative peak area of chromatograms which is shown below:

Concentration MVK, mmol/L Relative Peak Area

0.500 3.76

1.50 9.16

2.50 15.03

3.50 20.42

4.50 25.33

5.50 31.97

The slope and the intercept of the least square line are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The slope of a line is also known as a gradient of line which is used to define the direction and steepness of the line.

The intercept line is the y-axis of a line at which point it crosses the X −axis.

Answer 7

Chapter A1, Problem A1.24QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The standard solution of methyl vinyl ketone results in the relative peak area of chromatograms which is shown below:

Concentration MVK, mmol/L Relative Peak Area

0.500 3.76

1.50 9.16

2.50 15.03

3.50 20.42

4.50 25.33

5.50 31.97

The slope and the intercept of the least square line are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The slope of a line is also known as a gradient of line which is used to define the direction and steepness of the line.

The intercept line is the y-axis of a line at which point it crosses the X −axis.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The graph for the least square line as well as experimental points is to be plotted.

Concept introduction:

The least-square method is a method in which the best result is obtained for the set data point by minimizing the sum of offset or residuals from the plot of curve statistically.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The graph for the least square line as well as experimental points is to be plotted.

Concept introduction:

The least-square method is a method in which the best result is obtained for the set data point by minimizing the sum of offset or residuals from the plot of curve statistically.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relative peak area of the sample containing MVK is 10.3. The concentration of MVK in the solution is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The slope of a line is also known as a gradient of line which is used to define the direction and steepness of the line.

The intercept line is the y-axis of a line at which point it crosses the X −axis.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relative peak area of the sample containing MVK is 10.3. The concentration of MVK in the solution is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The slope of a line is also known as a gradient of line which is used to define the direction and steepness of the line.

The intercept line is the y-axis of a line at which point it crosses the X −axis.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

It is considered that the result obtained from (d) is representing the single measurement as well as the mean of four measurements. The respective absolute and relative standard deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The standard deviation method is used for the quantification of the amount of variation or for the dispersion for the set of the data values.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

It is considered that the result obtained from (d) is representing the single measurement as well as the mean of four measurements. The respective absolute and relative standard deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The standard deviation method is used for the quantification of the amount of variation or for the dispersion for the set of the data values.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The calculation for the section (c) and (d) is to be repeated when the peak area of the sample is 22.8.

Concept introduction:

The standard deviation method is used for the quantification of the amount of variation or for the dispersion for the set of the data values.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The calculation for the section (c) and (d) is to be repeated when the peak area of the sample is 22.8.

Concept introduction:

The standard deviation method is used for the quantification of the amount of variation or for the dispersion for the set of the data values.

Answer 16

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Answer 27

Ch. A1 - Prob. A1.1QAP Ch. A1 - Prob. A1.2QAP Ch. A1 - Prob. A1.3QAP Ch. A1 - Prob. A1.4QAP Ch. A1 - Prob. A1.5QAP Ch. A1 - Prob. A1.6QAP Ch. A1 - Prob. A1.7QAP Ch. A1 - Prob. A1.8QAP Ch. A1 - Prob. A1.9QAP Ch. A1 - Prob. A1.10QAP

Concentration MVK, mmol/L	Relative Peak Area
0.500	3.76
1.50	9.16
2.50	15.03
3.50	20.42
4.50	25.33
5.50	31.97

(e) Interpretation: The calculation for the section (c) and (d) is to be repeated when the peak area of the sample is 22.8. Concept introduction: The standard deviation method is used for the quantification of the amount of variation or for the dispersion for the set of the data values.

Chapter A1 Solutions

(e)

Interpretation:

The calculation for the section (c) and (d) is to be repeated when the peak area of the sample is 22.8.

Concept introduction:

The standard deviation method is used for the quantification of the amount of variation or for the dispersion for the set of the data values.