Using and Understanding Mathematics: A Quantitative Reasoning Approach (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321914620
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, William L. Briggs
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9.C, Problem 17E
To determine
The value of
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Total marks 16
5.
Let (N,F,P) be a probability space and let X : N → R be a
random variable such that the probability density function is given by
f(x)=ex for x € R.
(i)
Find the characteristic function of the random variable X.
[8 Marks]
(ii) Using the result of (i), calculate the first two moments of
the random variable X, i.e., E(X") for n = 1,2.
(iii)
What is the variance of X.
[6 Marks]
[2 Marks]
6.
Let P be the standard normal distribution, i.e., P is the proba-
bility measure on (R, B(R)) given by
1
dP(x) =
를
=
e dx.
√2πT
Consider the random variables
21
fn(x) = (1 + x²) en+2,
x Є R, n Є N.
Using the dominated convergence theorem, prove that the limit
Total marks 9
exists and find it.
lim E(fn)
n∞
[9 Marks]
Refer to page 38 for solving an optimal control problem using dynamic programming.
Instructions:
• Define the value function and derive the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation.
• Solve the HJB equation explicitly, showing all intermediate steps and justifications.
Verify the solution satisfies the boundary conditions and optimality.
Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]
Chapter 9 Solutions
Using and Understanding Mathematics: A Quantitative Reasoning Approach (6th Edition)
Ch. 9.A - Prob. 1QQCh. 9.A - Prob. 2QQCh. 9.A - Prob. 3QQCh. 9.A - Prob. 4QQCh. 9.A - 5. When you nuke a graph of the function \[z =...Ch. 9.A - 6. The values taken on by the dependent variable...Ch. 9.A - 7. Consider a function that describes how a...Ch. 9.A - Prob. 8QQCh. 9.A - Prob. 9QQCh. 9.A - 10. Suppose that two groups of scientists have...
Ch. 9.A - Prob. 1ECh. 9.A - Prob. 2ECh. 9.A - Prob. 3ECh. 9.A - Prob. 4ECh. 9.A - Prob. 5ECh. 9.A - Prob. 6ECh. 9.A - Prob. 7ECh. 9.A - 8. My mathematical model fits the data perfectly,...Ch. 9.A - Coordinate Plane Review. Use the skills covered in...Ch. 9.A - 9-10: Coordinate Plane Review. Use the skills...Ch. 9.A - Identifying Functions. In each of the following...Ch. 9.A - Prob. 12ECh. 9.A - Identifying Functions. In each of the following...Ch. 9.A - Identifying Functions. In each of the following...Ch. 9.A - Prob. 15ECh. 9.A - Prob. 16ECh. 9.A - Related Quantities. Write a short statement that...Ch. 9.A - Prob. 18ECh. 9.A - Prob. 19ECh. 9.A - Related Quantities. Write a short statement that...Ch. 9.A - Related Quantities. Write a short statement that...Ch. 9.A - 15-22: Related Quantities. Write a short statement...Ch. 9.A - 23. Pressure Function. Study Figure 9.6.
Use the...Ch. 9.A - Prob. 24ECh. 9.A - Prob. 25ECh. 9.A - 25-26: Functions from Graphs. Consider the graphs...Ch. 9.A - Prob. 27ECh. 9.A - 27-30: Functions from Data Tables. Each of the...Ch. 9.A - Prob. 29ECh. 9.A - Prob. 30ECh. 9.A - Prob. 31ECh. 9.A - Prob. 32ECh. 9.A - Rough Sketches of Functions. For each function,...Ch. 9.A - 31-42: Rough Sketches of Functions. For each...Ch. 9.A - Rough Sketches of Functions. For each function,...Ch. 9.A - Rough Sketches of Functions. For each function,...Ch. 9.A - Rough Sketches of Functions. For each function,...Ch. 9.A - Rough Sketches of Functions. For each function,...Ch. 9.A - Prob. 39ECh. 9.A - Prob. 40ECh. 9.A - Rough Sketches of Functions. For each function,...Ch. 9.A - Prob. 42ECh. 9.A - Everyday Models. Describe three different models...Ch. 9.A - 44. Functions and Variables in the News. Identity...Ch. 9.A - Prob. 45ECh. 9.A - 46. Variable Tables. Find data on the Web (or two...Ch. 9.B - A linear function is characterized by an...Ch. 9.B - You have a graph of a linear function. To...Ch. 9.B - The graph of a linear function is sloping downward...Ch. 9.B - Suppose that Figure 9. 11 is an accurate...Ch. 9.B - Which town would have the steepest slope on a...Ch. 9.B - Consider the function price = $100 - ( $3/yr) ×...Ch. 9.B - Consider the demand function given in Example 6,...Ch. 9.B - A line intersects the y-axis at a value of y = 7...Ch. 9.B - Consider a line with equation \[y = 12x - 3\]....Ch. 9.B - Charlie picks apples in the orchard at a constant...Ch. 9.B - What does it mean to say that a function is...Ch. 9.B - Prob. 2ECh. 9.B - How is the rate of change of a linear function...Ch. 9.B - 4. How do you find the change in the dependent...Ch. 9.B - 3. Describe the general equation for a linear...Ch. 9.B - Prob. 6ECh. 9.B - When I graphed the linear function, it turned out...Ch. 9.B - I graphed two linear functions, and the one with...Ch. 9.B - My freeway speed is the rate of change in my...Ch. 9.B - It's possible to make a linear model from any two...Ch. 9.B - Linear Functions. Consider the following graphs....Ch. 9.B - 11-16: Linear Functions. Consider the following...Ch. 9.B - 11-16: Linear Functions. Consider the following...Ch. 9.B - Linear Functions. Consider the following graphs a....Ch. 9.B - 11-16: Linear Functions. Consider the following...Ch. 9.B - 11-16: Linear Functions. Consider the following...Ch. 9.B - 17-22: Rate of Change Rule. The following...Ch. 9.B - Prob. 18ECh. 9.B - 17-22: Rate of Change Rule. The following...Ch. 9.B - Prob. 20ECh. 9.B - Prob. 21ECh. 9.B - Prob. 22ECh. 9.B - 23-20: Linear Equations. The following situations...Ch. 9.B - Prob. 24ECh. 9.B - 23-20: Linear Equations. The following situations...Ch. 9.B - Prob. 26ECh. 9.B - 23-28: Linear Equations. The following situations...Ch. 9.B - Prob. 28ECh. 9.B - Prob. 29ECh. 9.B - Prob. 30ECh. 9.B - 29-34: Equations from Two Data Points. Create the...Ch. 9.B - Equations from Two Data Points. Create the...Ch. 9.B - Prob. 33ECh. 9.B - Prob. 34ECh. 9.B - Prob. 35ECh. 9.B - Prob. 36ECh. 9.B - Prob. 37ECh. 9.B - Prob. 38ECh. 9.B - Prob. 39ECh. 9.B - 35-42: Algebraic Linear Equations. For the...Ch. 9.B - 35-42: Algebraic Linear Equations. For the...Ch. 9.B - Algebraic Linear Equations. For the following...Ch. 9.B - Linear Graphs. The following situations can be...Ch. 9.B - Prob. 44ECh. 9.B - Linear Graphs. The following situations can be...Ch. 9.B - Prob. 46ECh. 9.B - Prob. 47ECh. 9.B - Prob. 48ECh. 9.B - Wildlife Management. A common technique for...Ch. 9.B - Linear Models. Describe at least two situations...Ch. 9.B - 51. Nonlinear Models. Describe at least one...Ch. 9.B - Alcohol Metabolism. Most drugs are eliminated from...Ch. 9.B - Properly Depreciation. Go to the IRS website, and...Ch. 9.C - Which statement is true about exponential growth?...Ch. 9.C - A city's population starts at 100,000 people and...Ch. 9.C - A city’s population suns at 100,000 people and...Ch. 9.C - Prob. 4QQCh. 9.C - Prob. 5QQCh. 9.C - Figure 9.18(b) shows the graph of an exponentially...Ch. 9.C - Polly received a large dose of an antibiotic and...Ch. 9.C - The half-life of carbon-14 is 5700 years, and...Ch. 9.C - Prob. 9QQCh. 9.C - Compare the list two forms of the exponential...Ch. 9.C - Prob. 1ECh. 9.C - Prob. 2ECh. 9.C - 3. Describe how you tan graph an exponential...Ch. 9.C - 4. Describe the meaning of each of the three forms...Ch. 9.C - Prob. 5ECh. 9.C - Prob. 6ECh. 9.C - After 100 years, a population growing at a rate of...Ch. 9.C - When 1 used the exponential function in model the...Ch. 9.C - We can use the hurt that radioactive materials...Ch. 9.C - I used the exponential function to figure how much...Ch. 9.C - Review of logarithms. Use the skills coveted in...Ch. 9.C - Prob. 12ECh. 9.C - Prob. 13ECh. 9.C - Prob. 14ECh. 9.C - Review of logarithms. Use the skills coveted in...Ch. 9.C - 11-26: Review of logarithms. Use the skills...Ch. 9.C - 11-26: Review of logarithms. Use the skills...Ch. 9.C - 11-26: Review of logarithms. Use the skills...Ch. 9.C - Review of logarithms. Use the skills coveted in...Ch. 9.C - Prob. 20ECh. 9.C - Prob. 21ECh. 9.C - Prob. 22ECh. 9.C - Prob. 23ECh. 9.C - Prob. 24ECh. 9.C - Prob. 25ECh. 9.C - Prob. 26ECh. 9.C - 27-34. Exponential growth and decay laws. Consider...Ch. 9.C - Prob. 28ECh. 9.C - . Exponential growth and decay laws. Consider the...Ch. 9.C - . Exponential growth and decay laws. Consider the...Ch. 9.C - . Exponential growth and decay laws. Consider the...Ch. 9.C - Prob. 32ECh. 9.C - Prob. 33ECh. 9.C - . Exponential growth and decay laws. Consider the...Ch. 9.C - Prob. 35ECh. 9.C - Annual vs. Monthly Inflation. Answer the following...Ch. 9.C - Hyperinflation in Germany. In 1923, Germany...Ch. 9.C - Prob. 38ECh. 9.C - 39. Extinction by Poaching. Suppose that poaching...Ch. 9.C - World Oil Production. Annual world oil production...Ch. 9.C - Prob. 41ECh. 9.C - Aspirin Metabolism. Assume that for the average...Ch. 9.C - Prob. 43ECh. 9.C - Prob. 44ECh. 9.C - Prob. 45ECh. 9.C - Metropolitan Population Growth. A small city had a...Ch. 9.C - Rising Costs. Between 2005 and 2010, the average...Ch. 9.C - Periodic Drug Doses. It is common to take a drug...Ch. 9.C - Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide. Between...Ch. 9.C - Prob. 50ECh. 9.C - Inflation Rate in the News. Find a news report...Ch. 9.C - Prob. 52ECh. 9.C - Radiometric Dating in the News. Find a news report...Ch. 9.C - Prob. 54ECh. 9.C - Prob. 55E
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- Refer to page 18 for solving a second-order linear non-homogeneous differential equation. Instructions: Solve the associated homogeneous equation first. Use either the method of undetermined coefficients or variation of parameters for the particular solution. • Provide detailed steps for combining solutions into the general solution. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward6. Let X be a random variable taking values in (0,∞) with proba- bility density function fx(u) = 5e5u u > 0. Total marks 8 Let Y = X2. Find the probability density function of Y. [8 Marks]arrow_forward5. Let a probability measure P on ([0,3], B([0,3])) be given by 1 dP(s): = ½ s² ds. 9 Consider a random variable X : [0,3] → R given by X(s) = s², sc [0,3]. S Total marks 7 Find the distribution of X. [7 Marks]arrow_forward
- Refer to page 24 for solving a differential equation using Laplace transforms. Instructions: Take the Laplace transform of the given equation, applying initial conditions appropriately. ⚫ Solve the resulting algebraic equation and find the inverse transform. Provide step-by-step solutions with intermediate results and final verification. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 30 for deriving the Euler-Lagrange equation for an optimal control problem. Instructions: • Use the calculus of variations to derive the Euler-Lagrange equation. Clearly define the functional being minimized or maximized. Provide step-by-step derivations, including all necessary boundary conditions. Avoid skipping critical explanations. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS3IZ9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 32 for solving a linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) problem. Instructions: • Formulate the cost functional and state-space representation. • Derive the Riccati equation and solve it step-by-step. Clearly explain how the optimal control law is obtained. Ensure all matrix algebra is shown in detail. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward
- Refer to page 14 for solving a linear first-order differential equation. Instructions: • Convert the equation into its standard linear form. • Use integrating factors to find the solution. Show all steps explicitly, from finding the factor to integrating and simplifying the solution. Link [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 10 for a problem involving solving an exact differential equation. Instructions: • Verify if the equation is exact by testing әм მყ - ƏN მე If not exact, determine an integrating factor to make it exact. • Solve step-by-step, showing all derivations. Avoid irrelevant explanations. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qo Haz b9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 10 for a problem involving solving an exact differential equation. Instructions: Verify exactness carefully. ⚫ If the equation is not exact, find an integrating factor to make it exact. Solve step-by-step and ensure no algebraic steps are skipped. Provide detailed explanations for each transformation. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward
- Refer to page 34 for deriving and applying Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. Instructions: ⚫ Define the Hamiltonian for the given control problem. • • Derive the necessary conditions for optimality step-by-step, including state and co-state equations. Solve the resulting system of equations explicitly, showing all intermediate steps. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 20 for solving a separable differential equation. Instructions: ⚫ Separate the variables explicitly. • Integrate both sides carefully, showing intermediate steps. • Simplify the final result and provide the explicit or implicit solution as required. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 16 for a problem involving solving a second-order linear homogeneous differential equation. Instructions: • Analyze the characteristic equation and address all possible cases (distinct, repeated, and complex roots). • Show detailed steps for deriving the general solution. • Verify solutions by substitution into the original equation. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward
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