Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780471198260
Author: Mary L. Boas
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9.8, Problem 13MP
In Problems 11 to 18, use Fermat’s principle to find the path of a light ray through a medium of index of refraction proportional to the given function.
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The final answer is 8/π(sinx) + 8/3π(sin 3x)+ 8/5π(sin5x)....
Keity
x२
1. (i)
Identify which of the following subsets of R2 are open and which
are not.
(a)
A = (2,4) x (1, 2),
(b)
B = (2,4) x {1,2},
(c)
C = (2,4) x R.
Provide a sketch and a brief explanation to each of your answers.
[6 Marks]
(ii)
Give an example of a bounded set in R2 which is not open.
[2 Marks]
(iii)
Give an example of an open set in R2 which is not bounded.
[2 Marks
2.
(i)
Which of the following statements are true? Construct coun-
terexamples for those that are false.
(a)
sequence.
Every bounded sequence (x(n)) nEN C RN has a convergent sub-
(b)
(c)
(d)
Every sequence (x(n)) nEN C RN has a convergent subsequence.
Every convergent sequence (x(n)) nEN C RN is bounded.
Every bounded sequence (x(n)) EN CRN converges.
nЄN
(e)
If a sequence (xn)nEN C RN has a convergent subsequence, then
(xn)nEN is convergent.
[10 Marks]
(ii)
Give an example of a sequence (x(n))nEN CR2 which is located on
the parabola x2 = x², contains infinitely many different points and converges
to the limit x = (2,4).
[5 Marks]
Chapter 9 Solutions
Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences
Ch. 9.1 - The speed of light in a medium of index of...Ch. 9.1 - The speed of light in a medium of index of...Ch. 9.1 - The speed of light in a medium of index of...Ch. 9.2 - Write and solve the Euler equations to make the...Ch. 9.2 - Write and solve the Euler equations to make the...Ch. 9.2 - Write and solve the Euler equations to make the...Ch. 9.2 - Write and solve the Euler equations to make the...Ch. 9.2 - Write and solve the Euler equations to make the...Ch. 9.2 - Write and solve the Euler equations to make the...Ch. 9.2 - Write and solve the Euler equations to make the...
Ch. 9.2 - Write and solve the Euler equations to make the...Ch. 9.2 - Write and solve the Euler equations to make the...Ch. 9.2 - Write and solve the Euler equations to make the...Ch. 9.3 - Change the independent variable to simplify the...Ch. 9.3 - Change the independent variable to simplify the...Ch. 9.3 - Change the independent variable to simplify the...Ch. 9.3 - Change the independent variable to simplify the...Ch. 9.3 - Write and solve the Euler equations to make the...Ch. 9.3 - Write and solve the Euler equations to make the...Ch. 9.3 - Write and solve the Euler equations to make the...Ch. 9.3 - Write and solve the Euler equations to make the...Ch. 9.3 - Write and solve the Euler equations to make the...Ch. 9.3 - Write and solve the Euler equations to make the...Ch. 9.3 - Use Fermats principle to find the path followed by...Ch. 9.3 - Use Fermats principle to find the path followed by...Ch. 9.3 - Use Fermats principle to find the path followed by...Ch. 9.3 - Use Fermats principle to find the path followed by...Ch. 9.3 - Find the geodesics on a plane using polar...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 16PCh. 9.3 - Find the geodesics on the cone x2+y2=z2. Hint: Use...Ch. 9.3 - Find the geodesics on a sphere. Hints: Use...Ch. 9.4 - Verify equations (4.2).Ch. 9.4 - Show, in Figure 4.4, that for a point like...Ch. 9.4 - In the brachistochrone problem, show that if the...Ch. 9.4 - Consider a rapid transit system consisting of...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 5 to 7, use Fermats principle to find...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 5 to 7, use Fermats principle to find...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 5 to 7, use Fermats principle to find...Ch. 9.5 - (a) Consider the case of two dependent variables....Ch. 9.5 - Set up Lagranges equations in cylindrical...Ch. 9.5 - Do Problem 2 in spherical coordinates.Ch. 9.5 - Use Lagranges equations to find the equation of...Ch. 9.5 - Find the equation of motion of a particle moving...Ch. 9.5 - A particle moves on the surface of a sphere of...Ch. 9.5 - Prove that a particle constrained to stay on a...Ch. 9.5 - Two particles each of mass m are connected by an...Ch. 9.5 - A mass m moves without friction on the surface of...Ch. 9.5 - Do Example 3 above, using cylindrical coordinates...Ch. 9.5 - A yo-yo (as shown) falls under gravity. Assume...Ch. 9.5 - Find the Lagrangian and Lagranges equations for a...Ch. 9.5 - A particle moves without friction under gravity on...Ch. 9.5 - 2A hoop of mass M and radius a rolls without...Ch. 9.5 - Generalize Problem 14 to any mass M of circular...Ch. 9.5 - Find the Lagrangian and the Lagrange equation for...Ch. 9.5 - A simple pendulum (Problem 4) is suspended from a...Ch. 9.5 - A hoop of mass m in a vertical plane rests on a...Ch. 9.5 - For the following problems, use the Lagrangian to...Ch. 9.5 - For the following problems, use the Lagrangian to...Ch. 9.5 - For the following problems, use the Lagrangian to...Ch. 9.5 - For the following problems, use the Lagrangian to...Ch. 9.5 - For the following problems, use the Lagrangian to...Ch. 9.5 - For the following problems, use the Lagrangian to...Ch. 9.5 - For the following problems, use the Lagrangian to...Ch. 9.6 - In Problems 1 and 2, given the length l of a curve...Ch. 9.6 - In Problems 1 and 2, given the length l of a curve...Ch. 9.6 - Given 10 cc of lead, find how to form it into a...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 4PCh. 9.6 - A curve y=y(x), joining two points x1 and x2 on...Ch. 9.6 - In Problem 5, given the volume, find the shape of...Ch. 9.6 - Integrate (6.2), simplify the result and integrate...Ch. 9.8 - (a) In Section 3, we showed how to obtain a first...Ch. 9.8 - Find a first integral of the Euler equation to...Ch. 9.8 - Find a first integral of the Euler equation to...Ch. 9.8 - Find a first integral of the Euler equation to...Ch. 9.8 - Write and solve the Euler equations to make...Ch. 9.8 - Write and solve the Euler equations to make...Ch. 9.8 - Write and solve the Euler equations to make...Ch. 9.8 - Find the geodesics on the cylinder r=1+cos.Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 9MPCh. 9.8 - Find the geodesics on the parabolic cylinder y=x2.Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 11 to 18, use Fermats principle to...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 11 to 18, use Fermats principle to...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 11 to 18, use Fermats principle to...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 11 to 18, use Fermats principle to...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 11 to 18, use Fermats principle to...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 11 to 18, use Fermats principle to...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 11 to 18, use Fermats principle to...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 11 to 18, use Fermats principle to...Ch. 9.8 - Find Lagranges equations in polar coordinates for...Ch. 9.8 - Repeat Problem 19 if V=K/r.Ch. 9.8 - Write Lagranges equations in cylindrical...Ch. 9.8 - In spherical coordinates, find the Lagrange...Ch. 9.8 - A particle slides without friction around a...Ch. 9.8 - Write and simplify the Euler equation to make...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 25MPCh. 9.8 - A wire carrying a uniform distribution of positive...Ch. 9.8 - Find a first integral of the Euler equation for...Ch. 9.8 - Write the Lagrange equation for a particle moving...
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- 2. (i) What does it mean to say that a sequence (x(n)) nEN CR2 converges to the limit x E R²? [1 Mark] (ii) Prove that if a set ECR2 is closed then every convergent sequence (x(n))nen in E has its limit in E, that is (x(n)) CE and x() x x = E. [5 Marks] (iii) which is located on the parabola x2 = = x x4, contains a subsequence that Give an example of an unbounded sequence (r(n)) nEN CR2 (2, 16) and such that x(i) converges to the limit x = (2, 16) and such that x(i) # x() for any i j. [4 Marksarrow_forward1. (i) which are not. Identify which of the following subsets of R2 are open and (a) A = (1, 3) x (1,2) (b) B = (1,3) x {1,2} (c) C = AUB (ii) Provide a sketch and a brief explanation to each of your answers. [6 Marks] Give an example of a bounded set in R2 which is not open. (iii) [2 Marks] Give an example of an open set in R2 which is not bounded. [2 Marks]arrow_forwardsat Pie Joday) B rove: ABCB. Step 1 Statement D is the midpoint of AC ED FD ZEDAZFDC Reason Given 2 ADDC Select a Reason... A OBB hp B E F D Carrow_forward
- 2. if limit. Recall that a sequence (x(n)) CR2 converges to the limit x = R² lim ||x(n)x|| = 0. 818 - (i) Prove that a convergent sequence (x(n)) has at most one [4 Marks] (ii) Give an example of a bounded sequence (x(n)) CR2 that has no limit and has accumulation points (1, 0) and (0, 1) [3 Marks] (iii) Give an example of a sequence (x(n))neN CR2 which is located on the hyperbola x2 1/x1, contains infinitely many different Total marks 10 points and converges to the limit x = (2, 1/2). [3 Marks]arrow_forward3. (i) Consider a mapping F: RN Rm. Explain in your own words the relationship between the existence of all partial derivatives of F and dif- ferentiability of F at a point x = RN. (ii) [3 Marks] Calculate the gradient of the following function f: R2 → R, f(x) = ||x||3, Total marks 10 where ||x|| = √√√x² + x/2. [7 Marks]arrow_forward1. (i) (ii) which are not. What does it mean to say that a set ECR2 is closed? [1 Mark] Identify which of the following subsets of R2 are closed and (a) A = [-1, 1] × (1, 3) (b) B = [-1, 1] x {1,3} (c) C = {(1/n², 1/n2) ER2 | n EN} Provide a sketch and a brief explanation to each of your answers. [6 Marks] (iii) Give an example of a closed set which does not have interior points. [3 Marks]arrow_forward
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