ch of these relations on the set of all functions from Z to Z are equivalence relations? Determine the properties of an equivalence relation that the others lack. a) { ( f , g ) | f ( 1 ) = g ( 1 ) } b) { ( f , g ) | f ( 0 ) = g ( 0 ) or f ( 1 ) = g ( 1 ) } c) { ( f , g ) | f ( x ) − g ( x ) =1 for all x ∈ Z } d) { ( f , g ) | for some C ∈ Z , for all x ∈ Z , f ( x ) − g ( x ) =C } e) { ( f , g ) | f ( 0 ) = g ( 1 ) and f ( 1 ) = g ( 0 ) }
ch of these relations on the set of all functions from Z to Z are equivalence relations? Determine the properties of an equivalence relation that the others lack. a) { ( f , g ) | f ( 1 ) = g ( 1 ) } b) { ( f , g ) | f ( 0 ) = g ( 0 ) or f ( 1 ) = g ( 1 ) } c) { ( f , g ) | f ( x ) − g ( x ) =1 for all x ∈ Z } d) { ( f , g ) | for some C ∈ Z , for all x ∈ Z , f ( x ) − g ( x ) =C } e) { ( f , g ) | f ( 0 ) = g ( 1 ) and f ( 1 ) = g ( 0 ) }
Solution Summary: The author explains that equivalence relations determine the properties of an equivalent relation that the others lack.
ch of these relations on the set of all functions fromZtoZare equivalence relations? Determine the properties of an equivalence relation that the others lack.
a)
{
(
f
,
g
)
|
f
(
1
)
=
g
(
1
)
}
b)
{
(
f
,
g
)
|
f
(
0
)
=
g
(
0
)
or
f
(
1
)
=
g
(
1
)
}
c)
{
(
f
,
g
)
|
f
(
x
)
−
g
(
x
)
=1 for all
x
∈
Z
}
d)
{
(
f
,
g
)
|
for some C
∈
Z
,
for all
x
∈
Z
,
f
(
x
)
−
g
(
x
)
=C
}
e)
{
(
f
,
g
)
|
f
(
0
)
=
g
(
1
)
and
f
(
1
)
=
g
(
0
)
}
Refer to page 110 for problems on optimization.
Instructions:
Given a loss function, analyze its critical points to identify minima and maxima.
• Discuss the role of gradient descent in finding the optimal solution.
.
Compare convex and non-convex functions and their implications for optimization.
Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qo Hazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]
Refer to page 140 for problems on infinite sets.
Instructions:
• Compare the cardinalities of given sets and classify them as finite, countable, or uncountable.
•
Prove or disprove the equivalence of two sets using bijections.
• Discuss the implications of Cantor's theorem on real-world computation.
Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]
Refer to page 120 for problems on numerical computation.
Instructions:
• Analyze the sources of error in a given numerical method (e.g., round-off, truncation).
• Compute the error bounds for approximating the solution of an equation.
•
Discuss strategies to minimize error in iterative methods like Newton-Raphson.
Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qo Hazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]
Chapter 9 Solutions
Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications ( 8th International Edition ) ISBN:9781260091991
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RELATIONS-DOMAIN, RANGE AND CO-DOMAIN (RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS CBSE/ ISC MATHS); Author: Neha Agrawal Mathematically Inclined;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4IQh46VoU4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY