LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319145125
Author: Sadava
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 9.3, Problem 2R
Summary Introduction

To review:

The experiments described in Figures 1 and 2, which demonstrate the chemiosmotic mechanism.

Given:

LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY, Chapter 9.3, Problem 2R , additional homework tip  1

Figure 1: An experiment to demonstrate chemiosmosis.

LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY, Chapter 9.3, Problem 2R , additional homework tip  2

Figure 2A and B: The formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP); (A) The structure of ATP synthase and (B) Demonstration that ATP synthase has a rotary motor.

Introduction:

Chemiosmosis is the second stage of the oxidative phosphorylation after the electron transport chain (ETC). As a result of the transport of electrons across the respiratory chain in ETC, a proton concentration gradient takes place to the intermembrane space from the mitochondrial matrix. In chemiosmosis, the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) occurs by the influx of the protons back into the matrix of the mitochondria.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…
Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:
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