In Problems 9-22, could the given matrix be the transition matrix of a regular Markov chain?
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- The functions f(x) = (x + 1)² - 2 and g(x) = (x-2)² + 1 have been rewritten using the completing-the-square method. Apply your knowledge of functions in vertex form to determine if the vertex for each function is a minimum or a maximum and explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardTotal marks 15 3. (i) Let FRN Rm be a mapping and x = RN is a given point. Which of the following statements are true? Construct counterex- amples for any that are false. (a) If F is continuous at x then F is differentiable at x. (b) If F is differentiable at x then F is continuous at x. If F is differentiable at x then F has all 1st order partial (c) derivatives at x. (d) If all 1st order partial derivatives of F exist and are con- tinuous on RN then F is differentiable at x. [5 Marks] (ii) Let mappings F= (F1, F2) R³ → R² and G=(G1, G2) R² → R² : be defined by F₁ (x1, x2, x3) = x1 + x², G1(1, 2) = 31, F2(x1, x2, x3) = x² + x3, G2(1, 2)=sin(1+ y2). By using the chain rule, calculate the Jacobian matrix of the mapping GoF R3 R², i.e., JGoF(x1, x2, x3). What is JGOF(0, 0, 0)? (iii) [7 Marks] Give reasons why the mapping Go F is differentiable at (0, 0, 0) R³ and determine the derivative matrix D(GF)(0, 0, 0). [3 Marks]arrow_forward5. (i) Let f R2 R be defined by f(x1, x2) = x² - 4x1x2 + 2x3. Find all local minima of f on R². (ii) [10 Marks] Give an example of a function f: R2 R which is not bounded above and has exactly one critical point, which is a minimum. Justify briefly Total marks 15 your answer. [5 Marks]arrow_forward
- Total marks 15 4. : Let f R2 R be defined by f(x1, x2) = 2x²- 8x1x2+4x+2. Find all local minima of f on R². [10 Marks] (ii) Give an example of a function f R2 R which is neither bounded below nor bounded above, and has no critical point. Justify briefly your answer. [5 Marks]arrow_forward4. Let F RNR be a mapping. (i) x ЄRN ? (ii) : What does it mean to say that F is differentiable at a point [1 Mark] In Theorem 5.4 in the Lecture Notes we proved that if F is differentiable at a point x E RN then F is continuous at x. Proof. Let (n) CRN be a sequence such that xn → x ЄERN as n → ∞. We want to show that F(xn) F(x), which means F is continuous at x. Denote hnxn - x, so that ||hn|| 0. Thus we find ||F(xn) − F(x)|| = ||F(x + hn) − F(x)|| * ||DF (x)hn + R(hn) || (**) ||DF(x)hn||+||R(hn)||| → 0, because the linear mapping DF(x) is continuous and for all large nЄ N, (***) ||R(hn) || ||R(hn) || ≤ → 0. ||hn|| (a) Explain in details why ||hn|| → 0. [3 Marks] (b) Explain the steps labelled (*), (**), (***). [6 Marks]arrow_forward4. In Theorem 5.4 in the Lecture Notes we proved that if F: RN → Rm is differentiable at x = RN then F is continuous at x. Proof. Let (xn) CRN be a sequence such that x → x Є RN as n → ∞. We want F(x), which means F is continuous at x. to show that F(xn) Denote hn xnx, so that ||hn||| 0. Thus we find ||F (xn) − F(x) || (*) ||F(x + hn) − F(x)|| = ||DF(x)hn + R(hn)|| (**) ||DF(x)hn|| + ||R(hn) || → 0, because the linear mapping DF(x) is continuous and for all large n = N, |||R(hn) || ≤ (***) ||R(hn)|| ||hn|| → 0. Explain the steps labelled (*), (**), (***) [6 Marks] (ii) Give an example of a function F: RR such that F is contin- Total marks 10 uous at x=0 but F is not differentiable at at x = 0. [4 Marks]arrow_forward
- 3. Let f R2 R be a function. (i) Explain in your own words the relationship between the existence of all partial derivatives of f and differentiability of f at a point x = R². (ii) Consider R2 → R defined by : [5 Marks] f(x1, x2) = |2x1x2|1/2 Show that af af -(0,0) = 0 and -(0, 0) = 0, Jx1 მx2 but f is not differentiable at (0,0). [10 Marks]arrow_forward13) Consider the checkerboard arrangement shown below. Assume that the red checker can move diagonally upward, one square at a time, on the white squares. It may not enter a square if occupied by another checker, but may jump over it. How many routes are there for the red checker to the top of the board?arrow_forwardFill in the blanks to describe squares. The square of a number is that number Question Blank 1 of 4 . The square of negative 12 is written as Question Blank 2 of 4 , but the opposite of the square of 12 is written as Question Blank 3 of 4 . 2 • 2 = 4. Another number that can be multiplied by itself to equal 4 is Question Blank 4 of 4 .arrow_forward
- 12) The prime factors of 1365 are 3, 5, 7 and 13. Determine the total number of divisors of 1365.arrow_forward11) What is the sum of numbers in row #8 of Pascal's Triangle?arrow_forward14) Seven students and three teachers wish to join a committee. Four of them will be selected by the school administration. What is the probability that three students and one teacher will be selected?arrow_forward
- Elementary Linear Algebra (MindTap Course List)AlgebraISBN:9781305658004Author:Ron LarsonPublisher:Cengage Learning