Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The reason behind less volatility of hexane than diethyl ether has to be described.
(a)

Explanation of Solution
Figure 1
Vapour pressure of a liquid is defined as the pressure of the vapour when liquid and vapour are in dynamic equilibrium. It increases with increase in temperature and a liquid with stronger intermolecular force of attractions has a lower vapour pressure at a given temperature.
If a liquid is less volatile, then it must have a lower vapour pressure which can be accounted for its stronger intermolecular force of attraction. Examining the above figure, it can be concluded that hexane has a lower vapour pressure than diethyl ether at any temperature. The non-covalent intermolecular forces of attraction acting between the molecules of hexane is London forces while in diethyl ether they are dipole-dipole forces and London forces. Because liquid hexane has a lower vapour pressure, it can be predicted that the larger hexane molecules experience larger collective intermolecular London forces than diethyl ether.
So due to this reason, hexane is less volatile than diethyl ether.
(b)
Interpretation:
The temperature at which 1- butanol have a pressure of
(b)

Answer to Problem ISP
The temperature of 1-butanol at
Explanation of Solution
Figure 2
Examine the above figure carefully. Draw a horizontal line from
(c)
Interpretation:
The reason why the boiling point of 1-butanol is greater than that of water has to be described.
(c)

Explanation of Solution
The liquid having greater boiling point means it has stronger collective intermolecular forces. Both water and 1-butanol can experience hydrogen bonding interactions. Water is a small molecule with a total of
(c)
Interpretation:
The substance which would evaporate immediately and which would remain as liquid has to be determined.
(c)

Explanation of Solution
Figure 3
The boiling point of diethyl ether is
(d)
Interpretation:
The
Concept Introduction:
Clausius-Clapeyron equation:
Where,
P1 and P2 are two sets of pressures and T1 and T2 are two sets of absolute temperatures.
R is universal gas constant.
(d)

Answer to Problem ISP
The
Explanation of Solution
Given data:
The normal boiling point of 1-butanol is
Clausius-Clapeyron equation:
Substituting all the data in the above equation and solving for
Therefore, the
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 9 Solutions
OWLv2 for Moore/Stanitski's Chemistry: The Molecular Science, 5th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months)
- Predict the major organic product for this reaction.arrow_forward3) The following molecule, chloral is a common precursor to chloral hydrate, an acetal type molecule that was a first-generation anesthetic. Draw a mechanism that accounts for tis formation and speculate why it does not require the use of an acid catalyst, like most hemiacetal and acetal reaction: (10 pts) H H₂Oarrow_forwardYou are a Quality Manager for a very well-known food ingredient company that produces umami powder, and you are responsible for setting specification limits. The net weight (in grams) of bags of unami powder is monitored by taking samples of six bags on an hourly basis during production. The label on every bag reports a contents of 1KG umami powder. The process mean is μ = 1012 g, and when the process is properly adjusted, it varies with σ = 11 g. QUESTION: Your organisation strives to ensure that >99.97% of bags of umami powder produced conforms to specification. What performance process index value is required to achieve this process yield? Calculate PPK using the following formula: Ppk = (USL – mean)/3 σ Ppk = (mean -LSL)/ 3 σarrow_forward
- You are a Quality Manager for a very well-known food ingredient company that produces umami powder, and you are responsible for setting specification limits. The net weight (in grams) of bags of unami powder is monitored by taking samples of six bags on an hourly basis during production. The label on every bag reports a contents of 1KG umami powder. The process mean is μ = 1012 g, and when the process is properly adjusted, it varies with σ = 11 g. QUESTION: Provide a valid and full justification as to whether you would advise your manager that the process is satisfactory when it is properly adjusted, or would you seek their approval to improve the process?arrow_forwardYou are a Quality Manager for a very well-known food ingredient company that produces umami powder, and you are responsible for setting specification limits. The net weight (in grams) of bags of unami powder is monitored by taking samples of six bags on an hourly basis during production. The label on every bag reports a contents of 1KG umami powder. The process mean is μ = 1012 g, and when the process is properly adjusted, it varies with σ = 11 g. QUESTION: Using all the available information, set the upper and lower specification limits.arrow_forward43) 10.00 ml of vinegar (active ingredient is acetic acid) is titrated to the endpoint using 19.32 ml of 0.250 M sodium hydroxide. What is the molarity of acetic acid in the vinegar? YOU MUST SHOW YOUR WORK. NOTE: MA x VA = MB x VBarrow_forward
- 424 Repon Sheet Rates of Chemical Reactions : Rate and Order of 1,0, Deception B. Effect of Temperature BATH TEMPERATURE 35'c Yol of Oh نام Time 485 Buret rend ing(n) 12 194 16. 6 18 20 10 22 24 14 115 95 14738 2158235 8:26 CMS 40148 Total volume of 0, collected Barometric pressure 770-572 ml mm Hg Vapor pressure of water at bath temperature (see Appendix L) 42.2 Slope Compared with the rate found for solution 1, there is Using the ideal gas law, calculate the moles of O; collected (show calculations) times faster 10 Based on the moles of O, evolved, calculate the molar concentration of the original 3% 1,0, solution (sho calculations)arrow_forwardSteps and explanation pleasearrow_forwardSteps and explanation pleasearrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning





