Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The reason behind less volatility of hexane than diethyl ether has to be described.
(a)

Explanation of Solution
Figure 1
Vapour pressure of a liquid is defined as the pressure of the vapour when liquid and vapour are in dynamic equilibrium. It increases with increase in temperature and a liquid with stronger intermolecular force of attractions has a lower vapour pressure at a given temperature.
If a liquid is less volatile, then it must have a lower vapour pressure which can be accounted for its stronger intermolecular force of attraction. Examining the above figure, it can be concluded that hexane has a lower vapour pressure than diethyl ether at any temperature. The non-covalent intermolecular forces of attraction acting between the molecules of hexane is London forces while in diethyl ether they are dipole-dipole forces and London forces. Because liquid hexane has a lower vapour pressure, it can be predicted that the larger hexane molecules experience larger collective intermolecular London forces than diethyl ether.
So due to this reason, hexane is less volatile than diethyl ether.
(b)
Interpretation:
The temperature at which 1- butanol have a pressure of
(b)

Answer to Problem ISP
The temperature of 1-butanol at
Explanation of Solution
Figure 2
Examine the above figure carefully. Draw a horizontal line from
(c)
Interpretation:
The reason why the boiling point of 1-butanol is greater than that of water has to be described.
(c)

Explanation of Solution
The liquid having greater boiling point means it has stronger collective intermolecular forces. Both water and 1-butanol can experience hydrogen bonding interactions. Water is a small molecule with a total of
(c)
Interpretation:
The substance which would evaporate immediately and which would remain as liquid has to be determined.
(c)

Explanation of Solution
Figure 3
The boiling point of diethyl ether is
(d)
Interpretation:
The
Concept Introduction:
Clausius-Clapeyron equation:
Where,
P1 and P2 are two sets of pressures and T1 and T2 are two sets of absolute temperatures.
R is universal gas constant.
(d)

Answer to Problem ISP
The
Explanation of Solution
Given data:
The normal boiling point of 1-butanol is
Clausius-Clapeyron equation:
Substituting all the data in the above equation and solving for
Therefore, the
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 9 Solutions
OWLv2 for Moore/Stanitski's Chemistry: The Molecular Science, 5th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months)
- Problem 3. Provide a mechanism for the following transformation: H₂SO A Me. Me Me Me Mearrow_forwardYou are trying to decide if there is a single reagent you can add that will make the following synthesis possible without any other major side products: xi 1. ☑ 2. H₂O хе i Draw the missing reagent X you think will make this synthesis work in the drawing area below. If there is no reagent that will make your desired product in good yield or without complications, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. There is no reagent that will make this synthesis work without complications. : ☐ S ☐arrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction: H OH 1. LiAlH4 2. H₂O ? Note: be sure you use dash and wedge bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. G C टेarrow_forward
- For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new C-C bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. NH2 CI MgCl ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No MgBr ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No G टेarrow_forwardFor each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new CC bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. དྲ。 ✗MgBr ? O CI Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new C-C bond? Yes No • ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No × : ☐ Xarrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction: OH NaBH4 H ? CH3OH Note: be sure you use dash and wedge bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ☐ : Sarrow_forward
- Predict the major products of this organic reaction: 1. LIAIHA 2. H₂O ? Note: be sure you use dash and wedge bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X : ☐arrow_forwardFor each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new C - C bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. NH2 tu ? ? OH Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No C $ ©arrow_forwardAs the lead product manager at OrganometALEKS Industries, you are trying to decide if the following reaction will make a molecule with a new C-C bond as its major product: 1. MgCl ? 2. H₂O* If this reaction will work, draw the major organic product or products you would expect in the drawing area below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. If the major products of this reaction won't have a new CC bond, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. This reaction will not make a product with a new CC bond. G marrow_forward
- Including activity coefficients, find [Hg22+] in saturated Hg2Br2 in 0.00100 M NH4 Ksp Hg2Br2 = 5.6×10-23.arrow_forwardgive example for the following(by equation) a. Converting a water insoluble compound to a soluble one. b. Diazotization reaction form diazonium salt c. coupling reaction of a diazonium salt d. indacator properties of MO e. Diazotization ( diazonium salt of bromobenzene)arrow_forward2-Propanone and ethyllithium are mixed and subsequently acid hydrolyzed. Draw and name the structures of the products.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning





