Interpretation:
The implication about the strength of the forces between
Concept Introduction:
Fusion enthalpy:
The energy required for melting of a solid to liquid is called fusion enthalpy. For example, the melting of ice. It is an endothermic process. Its unit is
Hydrogen bonding:
It is a special type of dipole –dipole interaction between molecules. It results from the attractive force between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom like
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- The compounds ethanol (C2H5OH) and dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3) have the same molecular formula. Which is expected to have the higher surface tension? Why?arrow_forwardWhich would you expect to have the higher fusion enthalpy, N2 or I2? Explain your choice.arrow_forwardWhich of the following do you expect to be molecular solids? a silicon tetrachloride, SiCl4 b lithium bromide, LiBr c sodium fluoride, NaF d bromine chloride, BrClarrow_forward
- Rubidium chloride has the sodium chloride structure at normal pressures but assumes the cesium chloride structure at high pressures. (See Exercise 69.) What ratio of densities is expected for these two forms? Does this change in structure make sense on the basis of simple models? The ionic radius is 148 pm for Rb+ and 181 pm for CI.arrow_forwardWhat are intermolecular forces? How do they differ from intramolecular forces? What are dipole-dipole forces? How do typical dipole-dipole forces differ from hydrogen bonding interactions? In what ways are they similar? What are London dispersion forces? How do typical London dispersion forces differ from dipole-dipole forces? In what ways are they similar? Describe the relationship between molecular size and strength of London dispersion forces. Place the major types of intermolecular forces in order of increasing strength. Is there some overlap? That is, can the strongest London dispersion forces be greater than some dipole-dipole forces? Give an example of such an instance.arrow_forwardA portion of the crystalline lattice for potassium is illustrated below. (a) In what type of unit cell are the K atoms arranged? A portion of the solid-state structure of potassium. (b) If one edge of the potassium unit cell is 533 pm, what is the density of potassium?arrow_forward
- The CsCl structure is a simple cubic array of chloride ions with a cesium ion at the center of each cubic array (see Exercise 69). Given that the density of cesium chloride is 3.97 g/cm3, and assuming that the chloride and cesium ions touch along the body diagonal of the cubic unit cell, calculate the distance between the centers of adjacent Cs+ and Cl ions in the solid. Compare this value with the expected distance based on the sizes of the ions. The ionic radius of Cs+ is 169 pm, and the ionic radius of Cl is 181 pm.arrow_forwardIdentify the kinds of forces that are most important in holding the particles together in a crystalline solid sample of each of the following substances. (a) Kr (b) HF (c) K2O (d) CO2 (e) Zn (f) NH3arrow_forwardConsider the iodine monochloride molecule, ICI. Because chlorine is more electronegative than iodine, this molecule is a dipole. How would you expect iodine monochloride molecules in the gaseous state to orient themselves with respect to each other as the sample is cooled and the molecules begin to aggregate? Sketch the orientation you would expect.arrow_forward
- An electric heater coil provided heat to a 15.5-g sample of iodine. I2, at the rate of 3.48 J/s. It took 4.54 min from the time the iodine began to melt until the iodine was completely melted. What is the heat of fusion per mole of iodine?arrow_forwardThe normal boiling point of SO2 is 263.1 K and that of NH3 is 239.7 K. At −40 °C, would you predict that ammonia has a vapor pressure greater than, less than, or equal to that of sulfur dioxide? Explain.arrow_forward
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