(a) To determine: The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is C 2 H 4 ( g ) + 2 C l ( g ) → C 2 H 2 C l 4 ( l ) + H 2 ( g ) : C 2 H 2 C l 4 ( l ) → C 2 H C l 3 ( l ) + H C l ( g ) ; Δ H ∘ r = − 385.76 k J in words. Concept introduction: At room temperature and 1 atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation. The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs. During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions. The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

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Ex. HW. A vertical glass tube, 2cm ID & 5m long in heated uniformly over its length. The water enter at (200-204 C) & 68.9 bar calculated the pressure drop if the flowrate 0.15 Kg/s & the power applied as a heat to the fluid is 100KW using the homogeneous model. Given that enthalpy at inlet temp.=0.87MJ/Kg, enthalpy saturation temp (285C)=1.26 MJ/Kg and μl=0.972*10-4 Ns/m2, μG=2.89*10-5 Ns/m2, UG=2.515*10-2m3/Kg and the change in UG over range of pressure=-4.45*10-4m3/Kg/bar.

4. An experimental test rig is used to examine two-phase flow regimes in horizontal pipelines. A particular experiment involved uses air and water at a temperature of 25°C, which flow through a horizontal glass tube with an internal diameter of 25.4 mm and a length of 40 m. Water is admitted at a controlled rate of 0.026 kgs at one end and air at a rate of 5 x 104 kgs in the same direction. The density of water is 1000 kgm³, and the density of air is 1.2 kgm. Determine the mass flow rate, the mean density, gas void fraction, and the superficial velocities of the air and water. Answer: 0.02605 kgs 1, 61.1 kgm³, 0.94, 0.822 ms-1, 0.051 ms-1

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

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Answer 5

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 9 - The standard heat of the reaction...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.2P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.3P Ch. 9 - The standard heat of the reaction...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.5P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.6P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.7P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.8P Ch. 9 - The standard heat of combustion of gaseous ethane...Ch. 9 - The standard heat of combustion (AH°) of liquid...

Solution Summary: The author explains how the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called heat of formation.

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