(a) To determine: The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is C 2 H 4 ( g ) + 2 C l ( g ) → C 2 H 2 C l 4 ( l ) + H 2 ( g ) : C 2 H 2 C l 4 ( l ) → C 2 H C l 3 ( l ) + H C l ( g ) ; Δ H ∘ r = − 385.76 k J in words. Concept introduction: At room temperature and 1 atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation. The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs. During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions. The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Question

Using Rachford-Rice in Excel, analyze flash distillation of the following feed stream at P = 1000 kPa and T = 30°C. Feed (1000 kmol/hr) is composed of ethane (25%), propane (30%), propylene (5%) and n-hexane (40%):a. What is the composition and flowrate of the vapor stream? [V should be 196 kmol/hr when solved]b. What is the composition and flowrate of the liquid stream?c. What fraction of the n-hexane (feed) ends up in the vapor phase?d. What fraction of the ethane (feed) ends up in the liquid phase?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

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Using Rachford-Rice in Excel, analyze flash distillation of the following feed stream at P = 1000 kPa and T = 30°C. Feed (1000 kmol/hr) is composed of ethane (25%), propane (30%), propylene (5%) and n-hexane (40%):a. What is the composition and flowrate of the vapor stream? [V should be 196 kmol/hr when solved]b. What is the composition and flowrate of the liquid stream?c. What fraction of the n-hexane (feed) ends up in the vapor phase?d. What fraction of the ethane (feed) ends up in the liquid phase?

A 40 mol % ethanol 60 mol % water mixture at 60 °C and 1 atm is heated. Using Figure 2-3 answer the following:a. At what temperature does the mixture first begin to boil? What is the composition of the first bubble of vapor?b. At what temperature would it stop boiling (assume no material is removed)? What is the composition of the last droplet of liquid?c. At 82 °C, what fraction is liquid? [should be 0.6]d. When 90% has been vaporized, what is the temperature, and what are the liquid and vapor compositions?

Using Rachford-Rice in Excel, analyze flash distillation of the following feed stream at P = 1000 kPa and T = 30°C. Feed (1000 kmol/hr) is composed of ethane (25%), propane (30%), propylene (5%) and n-hexane (40%):a. What is the composition and flowrate of the vapor stream? [196 kmol/hr]b. What is the composition and flowrate of the liquid stream?c. What fraction of the n-hexane (feed) ends up in the vapor phase?d. What fraction of the ethane (feed) ends up in the liquid phase?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

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Answer 5

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 9 - The standard heat of the reaction...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.2P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.3P Ch. 9 - The standard heat of the reaction...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.5P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.6P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.7P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.8P Ch. 9 - The standard heat of combustion of gaseous ethane...Ch. 9 - The standard heat of combustion (AH°) of liquid...

Solution Summary: The author explains how the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called heat of formation.

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Chapter 9 Solutions