Chapter 9, Problem 9.79P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mole fraction of product composition to be calculated. Also, the percent conversion of $\text{CO}$ and ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a single reaction system, the final moles of each of the components present, can be estimated by the equation:

$n_i=n_{io}+v_i\xi$ ...... (1)

Here, $n_i$ is the final moles of the component $i$, $n_{io}$ is the initial moles of the component $i$, $v_i$ is the stoichiometric coefficient of the component $i$ in the reaction and $\xi$ is the extent of the reaction. $v_i$ is taken as negative for reactants and positive for products.

Mole fraction $\left(y_i\right)$ of any component is given by:

$y_i=\frac{n_i}{\sum n_i}$ ...... (2)

Here, $n_i$ represents the moles of the component, whereas $i$ and $\sum n_i$ represent the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

By neglecting the effect of pressure on enthalpies, the amount of heat added or removed from the process should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The amount of heat transferred is,

$Q\text{}=\sum _{out}n{\hat{H}}_i-\sum _{in}n{\hat{H}}_i$

Here,

$\sum _{out}n{\hat{H}}_i$ is the heat of formation of product.

$\sum _{in}n{\hat{H}}_i$ is the heat of formation of reactant.

The enthalpies of reactants and products depends on the heat capacity and temperature.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The extent of reaction along with the amount of heat removed with the values of temperatures ranging from ${200}^{\circ }\text{C}\text{and}{\text{400}}^{\text{o}}\text{C}$ with increments of ${50}^{\circ }\text{C}$ should be determined. Also, the value of adiabatic reaction temperature should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The amount of heat transferred is,

$Q\text{}=\sum _{out}n{\hat{H}}_i-\sum _{in}n{\hat{H}}_i$

Here,

$\sum _{out}n{\hat{H}}_i$ is the heat of formation of product.

$\sum _{in}n{\hat{H}}_i$ is the heat of formation of reactant.

The enthalpies of reactants and products depends on the heat capacity and temperature.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The effect of pressure on the reaction with the help of extent of conversion and rate of heat transfer at 1 MPa and 15 MPa should be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a single reaction system, the final moles of each of the components present, can be estimated by the equation:

$n_i=n_{io}+v_i\xi$ ...... (1)

Here, $n_i$ represents the final moles of the component $i$, $n_{io}$ represents the initial moles of the component $i$, $v_i$ is the stoichiometric coefficient of the component $i$ in the reaction and $\xi$ is the extent of the reaction. $v_i$ is taken as negative for reactants and positive for products.

Mole fraction $\left(y_i\right)$ of any component is given by:

$y_i=\frac{n_i}{\sum n_i}$ ...... (2)

Here, $n_i$ represents the moles of component $i$ and $\sum n_i$ represents the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The purpose of selecting initial condition of ${\text{250}}^{\circ }\text{C}$ and $7.5\text{MPa}$ for the results obtained from part (c) and (d) should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Adiabatic flame temperature helps to determine the completion of process. Adiabatic flame temperature occurs in two phases that is constant volume process and constant pressure process.

This temperature is applicable when the process takes place in an adiabatic condition which means no exchange of heat with the surrounding.

For a single reaction system, the final moles of each of the components present, can be estimated by the equation:

$n_i=n_{io}+v_i\xi$ ...... (1)

Here, $n_i$ represents the final moles of the component $i$, $n_{io}$ represents the initial moles of the component $i$, $v_i$ is the stoichiometric coefficient of the component $i$ in the reaction and $\xi$ is the extent of the reaction. $v_i$ is taken as negative for reactants and positive for products.

Mole fraction $\left(y_i\right)$ of any component is given by:

$y_i=\frac{n_i}{\sum n_i}$ ...... (2)

Here, $n_i$ represents the moles of component $i$ and $\sum n_i$ represents the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.